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1、定语从句在复合句中充当定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句的作用相当于形容词，用来修饰主句中的某一名词或代词或整个主句，所以，也称作形容词性从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关 系词。关系词有 关系代词 和关系副词两种。提示：1关系词在定语从句中有三大作用1 .连接作用一一连接先行词和定语从句。I gave her all the money that I had.我把我所有的钱都给了她。（that连接先行词 money和定语从句I had）2 .替代作用一一在定语从句中替代从句所修饰的先行词。The man who li
2、ves next door is a famous teacher.住在隔壁的那个人是个名师。（who 替代the man）3 .成分作用一一在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语或状语。I like pictures which are painted in the traditional Chinese style.我喜欢传统的中国画。（which在定语从句中作主语）一、关系代词引导的定语从句引导定语从句的关系代词主要有 who, whom, whose, which, that等。它们分别代替前面的先 行词，并在定语从句中作主语、宾语或定语。A. Who指人，在定语从句中作主语。What was
3、 the name of the man who lent you the money?借钱给你的那人叫什么名字？（定语从句修饰先行词the man）He who laughs last laughs best.谁笑到最后谁笑得最好。（定语从句修饰先行词he）The chairman of the meeting, who spoke first, sat on my right.会议主席坐在我右边，他先发言。（定语从句修饰先行词 the chairman）B. Whom指人，在定语从句中做宾语。在口语或非正式文体中，whom可省略或可用 who来代替，但在介词后面以及在非限制f定语从句中只能
4、用whom。There are some people whom/who we like and others whom/who we dislike.有些人我们是喜欢的，有些人则是我们讨厌的。（定语从句分别修饰先行词people, others）The people whom/who I work with are all friendly.和我一起工作的人都很友好。（定语从句修饰先行词the people）Mr. Carter, whom I spoke to on the phone last night, is very interested in our plan.Mr. Carte
5、r, to whom I spoke on the phone last night, is very interested in our plan.昨晚我在电话里和卡特先生交谈过，他对我们的计划很感兴趣。（非限制性定语从句中不能用who代替whom）Two men, neither of whom I had ever seen before, came into my office.两个人来到我的办公室，我以前从未见过他们。（在介词后面不用 who）C. Whose人、物皆可，做定语，后面要紧跟被修饰的名词，先行词和后面的名词之间往往是从属关系。There are some people
6、whose faces you can never forget.有些人，他们的脸你永远难以忘怀。（定语从句修饰先行词people）I saw some trees whose leaves were black because of the polluted air.我看见一些树的树叶由于空气污染而发黑。 （定语从句修饰行词trees）D Which1 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语。做宾语时常可省略。English is a language which is easy to learn.英语是一门容易学的语言。 （ which 在定语从句中作主语，不能省略）The children li
7、ke cookies （which） my wife makes.孩子们喜欢我夫人做的饼干。（关系代词which 作 makes 的宾语，可以省略）2 which 引导的非限制性定语从句可以修饰前面的整个主句，相当于 and this。Jim passed his driving test, which surprised everybody.吉姆通过了驾驶考试， 这使大家都感到惊讶。 （ 定语从句修饰的是整个主句， 而不是 the driving test）Sheila couldnt come to the party, which was a pity.希拉不能来参加聚会，真遗憾。 （定
8、语从句修饰的是整个主句，而不是the party ）3 which 在非限制性定语从句中有时也可以作定语。John stayed here for a week, during which time we visited the West Lake together.约翰在这里呆了一星期，在此期间我们一起游了西湖。It might snow this weekend, in which case we wont go to Beijing.周末可能下雪，在这种情况下，我们就不去北京了。E That指人时，相当于who 或 whom ；指物时，相当于which 。在定语从句中作主语或宾语（做宾语
9、时常可省略） 。He is the man that lives next door.他就是住在隔壁的那个人。（定语从句修饰先行词the man,作主语）I dont like stories that have unhappy endings.我不喜欢结尾悲伤的故事。（定语从句修饰先行词stories,作主语）The dress （that） Ann bought doesn t fit her very well.安买的衣服不太合身。 （定语从句修饰先行词 the dress， that 作宾语可省略）Is there anything （that） I can do for you?有我
10、能为你效劳的事吗？（定语从句修饰先行词 anything ， that 作宾语，可省略）F 其他关系代词as 关系代词，引导定语从句。Asas可以在限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句中作主语或宾语。 在限制性定语从句中，as可跟在由such, so, the same修饰的先行词之后。Such men as heard him were deeply moved.听过他说话的人，都会深受感动。（as在定语从句中作 heard的主语）Ive never heard such stories as he tells.我从未听过像他讲的这样的故事。（as在定语从句中作tell的宾语）He lifted
11、 so heavy a stone as no one else can lift.他搬起别人都搬不起的大石头。（as在定语从句中lift的宾语） 在非限制性定语从句中， as 可代表主句整个句子，引导的定语从句可以放在主句之前或主句之后，一般用逗号与主句分开。As everyone knows, Taiwan belongs to China.众所周知，台湾属于中国的领土。He is from the outh, as we can know from his accent.他是南方人，这一点我们从他的口音可以知道。必背：一些由as引导的定语从句常位于句首，已形成了固定的说法。as is k
12、nown to all 这是众所周知的as may be imagined 这可以想象得出as has been said before 如前所说as has been pointed out 正如已经指出的那样as is often the case 情况常常如此as often happens 这种情况常常发生G.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句介词+关系代词引导的定语从句是一种非常常见但也比较复杂的定语从句结构。1 .介词+关系代词中介词的位置关系代词whom, which在从句中作介词宾语时，可以跟介词一起放在从句与主句之间（ that, who不可以），也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后
13、面，使关系代词紧跟它所修饰的先行词。He is a man of rich experience, from whom much can be learned.=He is a man of rich experience, whom much can be learned from.他是个经验丰富的人，从他那儿可以学到很多。The school in which he once worked is a key school.=The school （which that） he once worked in is a key school.他曾经工作过的学校是一所重点学校。The manag
14、er in whose company I work pays much attention to improving our working conditions.=The manager whose company Im working in pays much attention to improving ourworking conditions.我就职的那家公司经理十分注意改善我们的工作条件。2 .介词+关系代词的常见结构介词 +which whomThis is the famous singer about whom we have often talked.这就是那位我们经常谈
15、论的著名歌唱家。Fortunately we had a map, without which we would have got lost.很幸运，我们带了一张地图，如没有的话，我们就会迷路了。名词 +of+ which /whomPlease pass me the book the cover of which is blue.请把那本蓝封面的书递给我。（也可用whose cover）数词 +of+ which /whomShes got three lucky pens, two of which she never uses.她有三只幸运笔，其中两只从未用过。代词 +of+ which /whomIn the basket I find many apples, some of which have gone bad.我发现篮子里有好些苹果，有些已经坏了。There are fifty students in our class, most of whom are from big cities.我们班有50个学生，其中大多数来自大城市。最高级 +of+ which
