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1、2022年考博英语-中国科学院考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 不定项选择题The country in which I live has laws forbidding discrimination on the grounds of ethnicity, religion, sexuality or sex. Weve come a long way since the days when the reverse was truewhen homosexuality was illegal, for instance, or when women were barred from vo
2、ting. But this doesnt mean that prejudice is over, of course. Nowadays we need to be as concerned about subtler strains of prejudice as the kind of loud-mouthed racism and sexism that makes us ashamed of the past.Subtle prejudice is the domain of unjustified assumptions, dog-whistles, and plain fail
3、ure to make the effort to include people who are different from ourselves, or who dont fit our expectations. One word for the expressions of subtle prejudice is microaggression”. These are things such as repeating a thoughtless stereotype, or too readily dismissing someones viewpointactions that may
4、 seem unworthy of comment, but can nevertheless marginalise an individual.The people perpetrating these microaggressions may be completely unaware that they hold a prejudiced view. Psychologists distinguish between our explicit attitudeswhich are the beliefs and feelings well admit toand our implici
5、t attitudeswhich are our beliefs and feelings which are revealed by our actions. So, for example, you might say that you are not a sexist, you might even say that you are anti-sexist, but if you interrupt women more than men in meetings you would be displaying a sexist implicit attitudeone which is
6、very different from that non-sexist explicit attitude you profess.The thing about subtle prejudice is that it is by definition subtlelots of small differences in how people are treated, small asides, little jibes, ambiguous differences in how we treat one person compared to another. This makes it ha
7、rd to measure, and hard to address, andfor some peoplehard to take seriously.This is the skeptical line of thought: when people complain about being treated differently in small ways they are being overly sensitive, trying to lay claim to a culture of victimhood. Small differences are just thatsmall
8、.Now you will have your own intuitions about that view, but my interest is in how you could test the idea that a thousand small cuts do add up. A classic experiment on the way race affects our interactions shows not only the myriad ways in which race can affect how we treat people, but shows in a cl
9、ever way that even the most privileged of us would suffer if we were all subjected to subtle discrimination.54. The first paragraph implied that prejudices _.55. “marginalise an individual” in Paragraph 2 probably means _.56. Someone would deny his true feelings and beliefs but _.57. In Paragraph 4,
10、 the author implies that subtle prejudice _.58. According to Paragraph 5, sufferers of subtle discrimination _.59. In the last paragraph, the author stresses that _.问题1选项A.have vanishedB.have been implicitC.have been noticeableD.have been understandable问题2选项A.forcing someone to workB.stopping offend
11、ing someoneC.firing someone from work placeD.stopping associating with someone问题3选项A.his attitude could be hidden in his deedB.his prejudice might be conveyed consciouslyC.his prejudice might be displayed when talking to womenD.his viewpoint could be revealed from his aggression towards others问题4选项A
12、.tends to be neglectedB.causes a lot of argumentC.is sure to be scoffed atD.makes people compete with each other问题5选项A.should get more attentionB.fall victim to their cultureC.exaggerate their sufferingsD.have the right to complain问题6选项A.racial discrimination is clearly provedB.subtle discrimination
13、 inflicts serious damageC.people with high status get more protectionD.people do not know how to test subtle discrimination【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:A第4题:A第5题:C第6题:B【解析】54. 【选项释义】The first paragraph implied that prejudices _. 第一段暗示，歧视_。A. have vanished A. 已经消失了B. have been implicit B. 一直是微妙的C. have been not
14、iceable C. 一直被注意到D. have been understandable D. 一直可以理解【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干关键词first paragraph可以定位到文章第1段，由本段第3、4句“当然，这并不意味着歧视已经结束。如今，我们不仅需要关注那些让我们为过去感到羞愧的大吼大叫的种族主义和性别歧视，还需要关注那些更微妙的歧视（subtler strains of prejudice）。”可知，歧视一直都存在，而且有些歧视是更加微妙的，需要更多的关注。因此B选项“一直是微妙的”正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“已经消失了”，文章中说的是歧视没有结束，属于反向干扰；C
15、选项“一直被注意到”，文章中说的是需要关注那些更微妙的歧视，属于反向干扰；D选项“一直可以理解”在文章中没有提及，属于无中生有。55. 【选项释义】“marginalise an individual” in Paragraph 2 probably means _. 第2段中的“marginalise an individual”可能意味着_。A. forcing someone to work A. 强迫某人工作B. stopping offending someone B. 停止得罪某人C. firing someone from work place C. 将某人从工作场所开除D. stopping associating with someone D. 停止与某人交往【考查点】词汇推断题。【解题思路】根据题干关键词marginalise an individual可以定位到文章第2段最后1句“这些微歧视包括重复一种轻率的刻板印象，或过于轻易地否定某人的观点这些行为可能看起来不值一提，但却会marginalise an individual。”
