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1、 目 录第一章 绪论1第一节 地质灾害的属性特征2第二节 地质灾害的分类与分级4一、地质灾害分类4二、地质灾害分级6第二章 崩塌的形成条件及防治措施7第一节 崩塌的形成条件7一、岩性条件7二、构造条件8三、地形条件8四、气候条件9第二节 崩塌的防治措施9一、主动撤离、躲避9二、防护措施10三、地质体改造措施10第三章 滑坡的形成条件及防治措施12第一节 滑坡的形成条件12一、地形地貌条件12二、地层岩性条件13三、地质构造条件13四、水文地质条件14五、气候条件14六、人类活动条件14七、震动触动条件15第二节 滑坡的防治措施15第四章 泥石流的形成条件及防治措施17第一节 泥石流的形成条件1
2、7第二节 泥石流的防治措施18结 论21致 谢22参考文献23culture and entertainment venues, fitness centers, has a good ecological environment, job security measures), these requirements are very straightforward, specific standards, also has a clear direction, more easily by a superior examination. Poverty assessment is to lo
3、ok at the per capita net income of the poor end of 2015 standards is . . Yuan, higher standards is poverty. Superior acceptance to entrust a third party institution from HouseImplementation. After acceptance, also through spot checks, visits, telephone surveys looking activities. This means that our
4、 achievements have been recognized by the poor for poverty alleviation through acceptance, which we put forward higher requirements for poverty eradication. Therefore, the County Office for poverty alleviation to evaluation efforts in this regard. To implement the grid management model, integrating
5、poverty alleviation into grid management, and make a heart activity combined package of leading cadres implement monitoring systems for poverty alleviation, each poor households identified a package cost. In this regard, you can design a form, indicating the poor basic causes, current income, povert
6、y, support measures, implementation of support measures, through helping income, annual revenue. From now on, protection officers working households, household-by-place. When the examination, which the poor dont have time to get out of poverty, and holding people accountable. Third, on environmental
7、 protection in construction of ecological civilization is the focus on one of the six battle this year. Xian Wei proposed to build green mountains and beautiful, happy and harmonious new . . Target, which is the basis of environmental protection. Do well environmental protection work, we keep the si
8、de of the mountains, nor to the masses to create a suitable for residential and business suitable for swimming and raising living and working environment. Last year, we got good grades the environmental work, atmospheric index ranked 4th in the city to obtain eco-compensationaccording to project nee
9、ds, in accordance with the channel, use the same, and use principle, the implementation of project planning, funding and manpower arrangements, avoiding duplication of inputs and waste of resources, effective integration of poverty relief funds . Here to remind everyone that bundle integration-relat
10、ed funds, aims to concentrate financial resources for big undertakings. Authorities do not think that has less autonomy, pursuing the deregulation of work. This year on the amount of funds on fighting for the departments concerned to increase over the previous year . and . respectively. In this rega
11、rd, the financial Department to dispatch in a timely manner, analyses relevant departments strive for. (E) to implement the poverty assessment responsibilities. Of village-level evaluation is very clear, that is, five-ten (five-way path, power, through water, through radio, television, information;
12、Ten the hanlaobaoshou fields, rich projects, Office kitchen, health services, sanitation system, pre-school education,22常见地质灾害的形成条件与防治措施摘 要：近年来,随着我国国民经济的快速发展，各种资源开发和工程建设活动等人类工程活动的力度也普遍增大，给我国本就十分脆弱的地质环境带来了巨大压力，地质灾害的频度和规模有逐年增加的趋势。为此,本文就地质灾害的内涵、地质灾害的特征与危害以及地质灾害防治的主要施工技术标准及防治措施进行了全面的阐述。 关键词：地质灾害；形成条件；防治
13、措施第一章 绪论地质灾害（geological disaster）是指在地球内动力、外动力或人为地质动力作用下，地球发生异常能量释放、物质运动、岩土体变形位移及环境异常变异变化等，危害人类生命财产安全、生活与经济活动或破坏人类赖于生存与发展的资源、环境的现象或过程。地质灾害包含了致灾动力条件和灾害事件的两个方面的涵义。动力条件包含了外营力、内营力和人为活动的影响。灾害事件的后果强调的是对人类生命财产和生存环境产生影响或破坏。若某种地质过程仅仅改变地质环境，并没有破坏人类生命和财产或影响生产、生活，则不是地质灾害。中国地质灾害种类繁多，分布广泛，活动频繁，危害严重。正确理解地质灾害的涵义、种类、
14、形成条件，掌握地质灾害分类与分级，是防治地质灾害必备的基础知识。地质灾害作为一种地质过程，始终存在于地球演化的历史中，时刻对生存于地球上的人类及其环境产生快，进而又影响着人类生存和发展的质量。这促使人类加强地质灾害的研究，深化对地质灾害的认识和防范。地质灾害有特定的内涵和属性，有多种类型，有自身的时空分布规律和特点。地质灾害的研究和防治，越来越受到人们的重视。据统计，我国地质灾害共有30种，常见地质灾害有崩塌、滑坡、泥石流3种。第一节 地质灾害的属性特征 地质灾害既有自然属性，又有社会经济属性。自然属性是指与地质灾害的动力过程有关的自然特征，如地质灾害的规模、强度、频次以及孕育条件、变化规律等
15、。社会经济属性主要指与成灾活动密切相关的人类社会经济特征，如人口和财产的分布、工程建设活动、资源开发、经济发展水平、防灾能力等。自然属性和社会经济属性是一个统一的整体。1、 地质灾害的必然性与可预防性地质灾害是地质作用的产物，是伴随地球运动而生并与人类共存的必然现象。人类通过探索研究，可以掌握地质灾害发生、发展的条件和分布规律，进行科学的预测预报，采取适当措施，有效的防御地质灾害的威胁。2、 地质灾害的随机性和周期性 地质灾害是在多种因素影响下由多种动力作用形成的，其发生的时间、地点和强度具有很大的不确定性，是复杂的随机条件。受地质作用周期性规律的影响，地质灾害亦具有周期性特征。3、 地质灾害的突发性和渐进性 按灾害发生和持续时间的长短，地质灾害可分突发性地质灾害和渐进性地质灾害两大类。突发性地质灾害具有骤然发生、历时短、爆发力强、成灾快、危害大的特征，如地震、火山、滑坡、崩塌、泥石流等均属特发性地质灾害。渐进性地质灾害是指缓慢发生，以物理的、化学的和生物的变异、迁移、交换等作用逐步发展而产生的灾害，主要有土地荒漠化、水土流失、地面沉降、煤田自燃等。4、 地质灾害的群体性和诱发性 许多地质灾害不是孤立发生的，常常具有群发性的特点，而且一种灾害的结果可能成为另一种灾害的诱因。如我国
