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1、定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句讲解及练习名词性从句whatever与no matter whatIt is generally considered unwise to give a child _ her or she wants. A. whatever B. no matter what C. whenever D. no matter when 此题应选 A。容易误选B。选项C、D显然是错的，因为句中的 wants 缺宾语，而C、D两项不能作宾语。至于C、D 的区别，可这样描述：no matter what 只能引导状语从句，而不引导名词性从句。而 whatever 既可引导名词性从句
2、(anything that)，也可引导状语从句(no matter what)：1. 引导名词性从句(只用whatever)：无论他做什么都是对的。正：Whatever he did was right. 误：No matter what he did was right. 无论他说什么似乎都有道理。正：Whatever he says sounds reasonable. 误：No matter what he says sounds reasonable. 山羊找到什么就吃什么。正：Goats eat whatever they find. 误：Goats eat no matter w
3、hat they find. 2. 引导状语从句(两者可换用)：无论你说什么，我都不会相信你。正：Whatever you say，I wont believe you. 正：No matter what you say，I wont believe you. 无论发生什么，都要保持镇定。正：Keep calm，whatever happens. 正：Keep calm，no matter what happens. 名词性从句的三个根本要素要素一：引导词也就是引导名词性从句的关联词。这些引导词可分为三类,一是that类，二是if / whether类，三是疑问词类。既然是引导词，所以这些词就
4、总是位于名词性从句的最前面。要素二：语序名词性从句都必须与陈述句语序相同，即“主语谓语。事实上，任何一种从句，其语序都必须与陈述句的语序相同。要素一：时态假设主句的谓语动词是一般现在时时，宾语从句的谓语动词可根据情况使用各种时态；假设主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，宾语从句假设不是一个客观事实或真理，其谓语动词也必须用某种过去时态。引导宾语从句that的省略问题名词从句作动词宾语时，前面的that常被省略，特别是在非正式语体中：I suggested (that) they should drive along the coast. 我建议他们沿着海岸开车。I hoped (that) I wou
5、ld / should succeed. 我曾希望我会成功。I know (that) he will be in time. 我知道他会赶得上的。I knew (that) he would be in time. 我当时知道他会赶得上的。He thinks (that) they will give him a visa. 他想他们会给他签证。He thought (that) they would give him 3 visa. 他本想他们会给他签证。I expect (that) the plane will he diverted. 我料想飞时机改变航线。I expected (t
6、hat) the plane would be diverted. 我本料想飞时机改变航线。在某些动词 (如answer, imply) 之后那么一般需要用that。如：He answered that he was from Austria. 他说他是奥地利人。She answered that she preferred to eat alone. 她答复说她愿意单独吃。I dont wish to imply that you are wrong. 我无意暗示你错了。The newspapers have implied that they are having an affair. 报
7、纸报道暗指他们有染。在较长的句子里，特别在“that从句与动词隔开时，that一般不可省略。如：The dealer told me how much he was prepared to pay for my car and that f could have the money without delay. 那个商人告诉我他准备出多少钱买我的汽车，并说我会立即收到款。这个that if是什么意思这道题中的 that if 是什么意思？She promised _ he had enough money she would marry him.A. that B. if C. that if
8、 D. if that 【分析】此题应选 C，其余几项均有可能误选。句子的正常词序为 She promised that she would marry him if he had enough money. 由于将条件状语从句 if he had enough money 插入动词 promised 与其宾语从句之间，从而导致许多同学误选。顺便说一句，本来动词 promise 后接宾语从句时，引导宾语从句的 that 是可以省略的，但是按英语习惯，当动词与其宾语从句之间插有其他成分时，引导宾语从句的 that 通常不宜省略，所以此题不宜选B。又如：She promised that if a
9、nyone found her son she would give him a lot of money. 她容许要是谁找到她儿子，她会给他一大笔钱。句子可改为 She promised that she would give him a lot of money if anyone found her son.He said that when his wife came back he would leave. 他说等他妻子一回来，他就离开。(句子可改写为 He said that he would leave when his wife came back.)Tell him that
10、 if he is at home Ill come to see him. 告诉他，如果他在家，我就去看他。(句子可改写为 Tell him (that) Ill come to see him if he is at home.)这两道题考查名词性从句吗第1题Dont you know, my dear friend, _ it is you that she loves? A. whoB. whichC. thatD. what【分析】此题容易误选 A或B，选 A 者认为这是指人的，故用 who；选B者认为这是非限制性定语从句，两者都是误认为这是定语从句(注意没有先行词)，其实此题应选C
11、，它引导的是一个宾语从句，只是被其中的插入语 my dear friend 隔开罢了。其实此句也可说成 My dear friend, dont you know that it is you that she loves? 又如：I think, though I could be mistaken, _ he liked me. A. whoB. whichC. thatD. what答案选 C，句子可改写为 I think that he liked me, though I could be mistaken. 即 that he liked me 是动词 think之宾语。第2题He
12、 told me the news, believe it or not, _ he had earned $1 000 in a single day.A. thatB. whichC. asD. because【分析】此题容易误选 B，误认为这是非限制性定语从句。其实此题应选 A，that 引导的是一个用以修饰名词 the news 的同位语从句。不少同学之所以误选B，正是 believe it or not信不信由你这个插入成分惹的祸。这道题是考查主语从句吗？这道题是考查主语从句吗？要看仔细定噢！_ with the right knowledge can give first aid.
13、A. WhoB. WhoeverC. AnyoneD. Who ever【分析】此题容易误选B，主要受以下这类句子的影响而形成思维定势：Whoever says that is lying. 谁那样说，谁就是在说谎。Whoever breaks this law deserves a fine. 违反本法者应予以罚款。Whoever comes first can get a ticket free. 谁先来谁就可以免费得到一张票。以上各例中的 whoever 引导的均为主语从句，它们均可换成 anyone who，但不能换成 anyone。上面的试题从外表上看，与以上各例很相似，其实有本质的
14、不同，即 _ with the right knowledge 中没有谓语动词，所以我们不能选 whoever。此题的正确答案为C，anyone 为句子主语，with the right knowledge 为修饰 anyone 的定语。请做以下试题：(1) _ with a good education can apply for the job.A. WhoB. WhoeverC. AnyoneD. Who ever(2) _ has a good education can apply for the job.A. WhoB. WhoeverC. AnyoneD. Who ever(3)
15、 _ having a good education can apply for the job. A. WhoB. WhoeverC. AnyoneD. Who ever(4) _ seen smoking here will be fined.A. WhoB. WhoeverC. AnyoneD. Who ever(5) _ is seen smoking here will be fined.A. WhoB. WhoeverC. AnyoneD. Who ever(6) _ smoking here will be fined.A. WhoB. WhoeverC. AnyoneD. Who ever(7) _ smokes here will be fined.A. WhoB. WhoeverC. AnyoneD. Who ever第(1)题选C，
