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1、般现在时,一般过去 ,一般将来时及现在 进行时动词时态一(一般现在时,一般过去时,一般将来时及现在进行 时)【用法讲解】考试要求:英语的动词的时态共有十六种,但是中考常考的主要有八种,一般现在时、一 般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、现在完成时、过去进行时、过去将来 时,过去完成时等时态的构成和用法。本节先讲述一下一般现在时,一般过去 时、一般将来时和现在进行时。1. 一般现在时一般现在时的构成:一般现在时主要用动词原形表示,如果主语是第三人称单数,一般在动词原形 后加-s或-es。例如:I have breakfast at 7 every morning.我每天早晨 7 点吃早餐。He g
2、oes swimming on Sundays.每周 日他者 B 去游泳。一般现在时的用法:(1)表示经常发生的动作或者经常存在的状态。经常和表示时间的状语often, always, usually, sometimes, every day等连用。例如: My sister usually goes to school on foot.我姐姐经常步行去上学。We often come to school at six in the morning.我们经常在早上六点到学校。(2)表示某种习惯或者能力,也可以表示职业、特征等。例如: My mother often gets up very
3、early in the morning.我的妈妈经常在早上起床很早。This kind of car runs very fast.这种小汽车跑得非常快。(3)表示客观事实、客观规律或者客观真理。例如:This kind of trees never grows in the desert.这种树从来不在沙漠里生长。Do you know that knowledge is power?你知道知识就是力量吗?(4)在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中,表示将来的动作。例如:Theyl be so happy when I tell them.我告诉他们时,他们会很高兴的。If you aren t
4、 here on time tomorrow, I ll write to your parents. 如果你明天不准时到,我就给你父母亲写信。汪忠:(1) 一般现在时的第三人称单数:在一般现在时中,如果句子的主语是第三人称单数形式,谓语动词用其第三人称单数形式。例如: My father often watches TV after dinner at home.我的爸爸经常在晚饭后在家看电视。(2) 一般现在时的谓语如果是实义动词,其否定句和一般疑问句要用助动词do,如果主语是第三人称单数时,要用 does, doesnt来构成。例如: My little brother doesnt d
5、o his homework at school.我的小弟弟不在学校做家庭作业。2. 一般过去时一般过去时的构成:一般过去时用动词的过去式表示。Last week Tom made a model plane with his friend Jack.上周汤姆和他的朋友杰克做了一个飞机模型。Tom was at home yesterday.汤姆昨天在家。一般过去时的用法:(1)表示过去经常发生的动作或者过去经常存在的状态。常与表示过去的时间状语 yesterday, just now, a moment agq last week/ year/ night, in 1985, in thos
6、e days when I was at middle school等连用。例如:They went to college last year.他们是去年上大学。We had a good time in the park yesterdayiM门昨天在公园玩得很高兴。(2)表示过去接连发生的一系列动作。例如: We played football first, then went boating and fishing, and at last had a picnic there.我们先踢足球,然后去划船、钓鱼。最后我们在那里野餐。一、/汪忠:(1)表示过去经常或反复的动作,而现在却不这样
7、做了,也可以用used to呦词原形来表示。例如:I used to get up very late.我过去总是起床很晚。(2)如果主句的谓语动词是现在完成时,since引导的时间状语从句用一般过 去时。例如: We have made a lot of friends since we came here.自从我们来到这里以来已经交了很多的朋友。(3)谈论某人的出生日期经常用一般过去时。例如:一When were you born?你是什么时候出生的?一I was born in 1983.我出生于 1983年。3. 一般将来时一般将来时的构成:(1) will/shall +动词原形,其
8、中shall常用于第一人称的疑问句。(2) be going to+ 动词原形。例如:What are you going to do next Sunday 下周日你打算做什么?Ill come and help you tomorrow.我明天来帮助你。Shall we go to the zoo纸们去动物园好吗?一般将来时的用法:表小将来发生的动作或者存在的状态。常和表小将来的时间状语,如tomorrow, next week/ year/ month, this afternoon/ evening, tonight, in a few days, when he come片连用。例如
9、: He will go to Beijing and see his father next week.他下个星期打算去北京看他的爸爸。一、/汪忠:(1) will用来表示有礼貌地询问对方是否愿意或表示客气的邀请或命令时。W川 you please lend me your bike?请你把你的自行车借我用一下好吗?(2) shall一般和第一人称的代词连用构成,shall I或者shall we的一般疑问shall引起的一般疑句,用来询问对方的意图和愿望,征求别人同意等。助动词问句征求别人同意时,回答不能用 Yes, you shall或者No, you shall not,应该用Yes,
10、 please do.者 No, please dori.例如:一Shall I close the window?我把窗户关上好吗? No, please dort.不,另U关。(3) be going to网词原形,常用来表示已经决定或安排要做的事,也用于表示 必然或很可能发生的事。例如:They are going to finish the work this evening.他们打算今天晚上完成这项工作。It s going to snow.要下雪了。(4)对于动词 go, come, start, move, sail, leave, arrive, stay, live, fly
11、 等可用进行时态表示按计划即将发生的动作(行进时动词)。例如:Im leaving for Beijing.我要去北京。4.现在进行时1 .现在进行时的构成:主语+be+v-ing现在分词:I am+v-ing;You/They/We are+v-ing;He/ She/It is+v-ing2 .现在进行时的用法:(1)表示此时此刻正在发生的动作,经常与时间状语now, at present at thistime/ moment 等连用。例如:The boys are playing football over there now.这些男孩子们正在那边踢足球。My father is wa
12、tching TV with my mother now.我的爸爸正在和妈妈一起看电视。(2)表示现阶段正在进行着的动作,但不一定在说话时正在进行。经常与now, these day舜时间状语连用。例如:I am learning French in Beijing these days.这些天我正在北京学法语。(3) 一些瞬间动词的现在进行时可以表示一般将来时的意义。表示“即将”,常伴有表示将来的时间状语。常用的这类动词有come, leave, go,arrive, die 等。例如:Hurry up! The bus is coming.快点!公共汽车马上就要开了。He is comin
13、g back tomorrow.他明天会回来。【真题再现】1. What are you busy doing these days, Mr. Zhao? (2014 山西)I my newborn baby. You can t imagine how busy I am!A. look afterB. looked afterC. am looking after2. - Tina, breakfast is ready. Dad cooked it for us(2014 黄冈)It can t have been Father. H early on Sundays.A. always
14、 gets up B. often got up C. had got up D. never gets up3. My husband always me flowers every week before we gotmarried, but nowhe never.(2014 呼和浩特)A. sends; does B. sent; does C. was going to send; do D. sent; do4. Robots more heavy work for us in the future(2014 天津)A. will doB. did C. have done D.
15、were doing5. Look! Some visitors for the bus over there(2015 南宁)A. are waiting B. is waiting C . waiting D . wait6. Mum, where is Dad? (2015 d 匕京) He flowers in the garden now.A. planted B. plants C. will plant D. is planting7. Do you think a meeting tomorrow afternoon72015 宁夏回族自治区)A. is thereB. there is C. there wasD. there is going to be8. Many city people their bikes to work every day (2015 陕西)A. ride B. will ride C. rode D. have ridden9. Why didn t you buy any bread2015 重庆)S