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1、考研英语阅读难点及应对之历年长句解析An invisible border divides those arguing for computers in the classroom / on the behalf of students career prospects and those arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical educational reform.（1999 年真题 ）【分析】句子主干是由divides.and.（使对立）搭配连接而成。两个those后面的分词短语作定语修饰
2、those 。句子主干为： An invisible border divides those and those.【翻译】一种看不到的鸿沟，把那些主张为了学生有更好的职业前景而把电脑引入课堂的人和那 些主张为了获得彻底教育革新更广泛理由而把电脑引入课堂的人的观点对立起来。Very few writers on the subject have explored this distinctionindeed,contradictionWhich goes to the heart of what is wrong with the campaign / to putcomputers in t
3、he classroom.（1999年真题 ）【分析】句子主干为： Very few writers have explored this distinction.“on the subject ”介词短语作状语修饰 “very few writers ”,“which goes to the heart of what is wrong with the campaign to put computers in the classroom是定语”从句修饰 “ this distinction 的。 ”【翻译】很少有作者在这个问题上去探究这种差异，实际上，他们是互相矛盾的。而这种差异正 是探究
4、把计算机引入课堂运动问题的关键。But, for a small group of students, professional training might be the way to go since well-developed skills, all other factors being equal, can be the difference between havinga job and not. （1999年真题 ）【分析】 本句不难，重在对 since 引导从句的理解， 这里 since 是表示因果关系的连词，表示 “因 为”，诸如此类比较隐蔽的因果关系的连词还有as, as
5、表示原因，可译为 由于，鉴于”女口： As hewas not well, I decided to go without him（因为他病了，我决定一个人去）。【翻译】但是，对于一小部分学生而言，职业培训也许是一种很好的途径，因为，在其他条件相 同的情况下，拥有良好的技能对他们找工作结果的影响是不一样的。The fact / that the apple fell down toward the earth and not up into the tree / answered the question / he had been asking himself about those lar
6、ger fruits of the heavens, the moon and the planets. （1999年真题）【分析】句子主干： The fact answered the question.“that the apple fell down toward theearth and not up into the tree， “he”had been asking himself about those larger fruits ofthe heave ns, the moon and the pla nets分别是 the fact 和 the questi on 的同位语，
7、对其进行说明。【翻译】苹果向下落到地面而不是向上飞到树上，这一事实回答了他长期以来一直对天空中更大 天体 月球和行星所存在的疑问。It is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe that scientists / who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there /should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other ey
8、e is on the microscope. （1999 年真题 ）分析】句子主干为： It is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe that scientistsshould not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register whilethe other eye is on the microscope. “ who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there
9、 是定”语从句修饰 “ scientists 的。”【翻译】审记员们完全有理由相信，那些确切地知道他们的目标和实现方法的科学家不应该由于 一边做着科学试验一边需要盯着经济利益而分心。The grand mediocrity of today everyone being the same in survival and number ofoff-spring means / that natural selection has lost 80% of its power inupper-middle-class India / compared to the tribes. （2000 年真题
10、 ）【分析】句子主干为： The grand mediocrity of today / means that / natural selection haslost 80% of its power in upper-middle- class India. “ everyone being the same in survival and number of off- spring ”是插入部分，是对 the grand mediocrity of today 的一个补充说明。 “ compared to the tribes 分词短”语作状语，修饰 “ that 引”导的宾语从句，表示
11、that 引导从句所说 明的情况在 the tribes 同样地发生了。 （ 这里注意 compared to 与 compared with 的区别。compared to侧重于表达 相当于、等同于的含义；compared with侧重于表达 与相比较的含义。 ）【翻译】今天的普通大众，每个人有着同样生存机会和同样数量的后代，这意味着，自然选择在 印度上流社会已经失去了 80% 以上的影响，在一些部落里情况也是一样。However amazed our descendants may be at / how far from Utopia we were, theywill look jus
12、t like us. （2000年真题 ）【分析】 该句理解难点在于分清 however 和 how 引导的是疑问句还是感叹句。 这里两者引导的，只不过前者表达的语气更加是两个感叹句充当状语从句 (however 和 how 表示感叹语气 “无论强烈些 ）【翻译】不论我们的后代对我们距理想状态之遥远感到多么惊讶，他们的长相将和我们一样。In the twentieth century, local studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionals only if they incorporate, and reflect
13、on, the wider geological picture.（2001 年真题 ）【分析】 对于 if 引导的状语从句的理解方法， 我们可以采用两遍法。 首先从主句到从句顺读一遍， 然后先从if从句开始，再由从句到主句逆读一遍，含义自然就明了（increasingly越来越 ）。【翻译】在 20 世纪，区域地质学研究只有在包含并思考范围更广泛的地质学问题时，才会越来 越被专业人员所接受。（注： picture ，这里是引申用法，指情况或研究的问题。 ）For the women of my generation / who were urged to keep juggling thro
14、ugh the 80s, downshifting in the mid-90s / is not so much a search / for the mythical good life growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one /as apersonal recognition of your limitations. （2001年真题 ）【分析】本句主干由 not so much.as.（其准确的翻译应为与其不如”，而这种翻译成中文之后通常让人产生理解上的障碍。这种搭配出现在客观试题的阅读文章中，
15、通常可以直接把它 理解成 不是而是”，让句意更加清晰）固定搭配连接构成的一个长句。定语从句“who wereurged to keep juggling through the 80s, downshifting in the mid-90s ”修饰 “ the women ofmy generation 。”插入部分 “ growing yo ur own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one ”，是对 “ the mythical good life 的具体说”明。 句子主干为： For the women of my gener
16、ation is not so much a search for the mythical good life as a personal recognition of yourlimitations.【翻译】对于我们这一代曾在整个 80 年代为生活奔波的女性来说， 90 年代中期过着放慢生活 节奏的生活， 与其说是追求神话般的美好生活 自已种有机蔬菜， 冒着变得毫无生机的危险 倒不 如说我们都认识到了自己的局限。 （ 注： one 指代 vegetable ，引申是精神上像植物一样没有生气的 人。 ）Downshifting also known in America as“ voluntary simplicity has, iro”ni
