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1、(1) Argument beginningIn the above argument, the author concludes/recommends that (The Conclusion). To bolster/substantiate the argument, the author cites the result of a recent study (content of the survey). Meanwhile, to further justify this claim/recommendation, the author points out that (the Ev
2、idence provided in the argument). While the argument seems plausible at first glance, after a prudent analysis/consideration, I have found that the author committed several fallacies.(2) False analogyThe author relies primarily on the analogy between A and B, yet provides no evidence that (these two
3、 things) are similar concerning (this problem). Whereas this method might be successful when it was applied to A, it is equally possible that only things with the characteristics that A owns, such as (to mentioned some merits of A here), can make progress through the way. Even assuming (some of thos
4、e) conditions are generally similar at both locations, a variety of other factors might affect Bs problem. (Laying other possible reasons influence B). Unless the author can give comprehensive analysis on Bs situation, the assumption that B will equally achieve the same result if it duplicates what
5、A did before is unwarranted.(3) Confusing concurrence with relationshipThe author have observes a concurrence between A and B; then simply asserts that A is responsible for B. However the author fails to rule out amounts of other possible explanations for (the problem B). For example, (in certain ci
6、rcumstance), it is entirely possible that (reasons). Any of these causes, as well as other social, political or economic factors, might lead to (the problem B). Without eliminating all other such factors it is unfair to draw the conclusion that it is A caused B(4) After this, therefore because of it
7、The author recklessly concludes that A is responsible for B based on the fact that B occurred after A. However, the sequence of these events does not sufficiently substantiate the deduction that the former caused the later one. B might have resulted from some other factors, such as . Without elimina
8、ting such scenarios, the author can not establish cause-and-effect relationship upon which the recommendation depends.(5) ComplainsThe speaker unfairly assumes that (some company/administration) customs/citizens unsatisfied with the change generally complained about it/report their complaints. Perha
9、ps a great deal of/ a myriad of complainants expressed their displeasure simply by refusing to use/come. The greater the percentage of such customs, the weaker the evidence as a sign of (the prove)(6) Failing to weigh the advantages and disadvantagesWithout weighing thoroughly the advantages and dis
10、advantages concerning (the issue), the arguments conclusion that (profits will necessarily/automatically increase) is unwarranted. Profit is an interactive result of both revenue and cost, influenced by market demand and supply, which keeps fluctuating up and down. It is entirely possible that the c
11、ost of the proposal will offset the additional revenue. Besides, a myriad of other possible reasons, such as , may adversely affect the sells that result as not much profitable as predicted. In absent of a precious analysis on the situation of potential market, the author may not draw an unreasonabl
12、e conclusion that A proposal will naturally help to rise its profit.(7) Sufficiency and necessity of the solution The author assumes the proposal is necessary and sufficient to handle the problem, yet the author has not provided any evidence to substantiate the assumption. Actually, the profit is an
13、 interactive result of both revenue and cost, influenced by the market demand and supply, which keeps fluctuating up and down. It is entirely possible that the cost of the proposal will offset the additional revenue. Besides, a myriad of other possible reasons, such as , may adversely affect the sel
14、ls that result as not much profitable as predicted. In absent of a precious analysis on the situation of potential market, the author may not draw an unreasonable conclusion that A proposal will naturally help to rise its profit.(8) Inferring a future condition from pastThe author deduction that the
15、 method which make a effect in the past will naturally be effective as well in the future rest on the untenable assumption that during (this period) all conditions upon which the conclusion depends have remained unchanged. Perhaps (give some examples). Indeed, the fact that (continue argue from other perspective). Without taking into account these possibilities, the author can not persuade me the A should adopt the recommendation seriously.
