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1、2022年考博英语-湖北省联考考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题Leaks from Edward Snowden, a systems administrator turned whistleblower at the National Security Agency (NSA), Americas signals-intelligence agency, have confirmed that the Internet is insecure, and that modern spy agencies canand do, on an industrial scaletap
2、virtually any form of online communication. But perhaps the most acute embarrassment so far has been caused by the revelation that the NSA may have been listening to phone calls made by the leaders of Americas allies,most notably those of the German chancellor, Angela Merkel. But how exactly is it d
3、one?A mobile phone is essentially a telephone with a radio attached. Anyone can listen in on the radio waves travelling between a handset and the base station to which it is connected. To prevent casual eavesdropping, phones often (although not always) use encryption, which disarranges the data so t
4、hat only the intended recipient can make sense of it. But not all encryption is created equal. The encryption used in second-generation (2G) phonesa technology that dates back to 1991一is weak, and readily cracked by modern computers. The 3G standard includes stronger disarranging,although it is stil
5、l not perfect. 4G, the newest standard, currently being used around the world, likewise offers more competent encryptionalthough documents leaked by Edward Snowden suggest that the spies are pressuring manufacturers to put secret “back doors” into their products.But getting involved in cryptography
6、isnt always necessary. Spy agencies can obtain details from telephone companies, either by asking them to cooperate or forcing them to. Another option is to impersonate the mobile network itself, by setting up a fake base-station and persuading the targets phone to connect to it. At a hacker confere
7、nce in 2010,a security researcher called Chris Paget gave a detailed demonstration of how this works, using less than $ 2,000 of off-the-shelf equipment (a fake base-station can instruct phones that connect to it to do all sorts of things,such as turn off their encryption). Police forces around the
8、world use a similar gear to silently listen in on calls made by their targets. A recent book describes how the FBI has quietly removed several such fake base-stations- run by foreign embassiesfrom around Washington,D. C.Nor is it just calls. Text messages can also be snatched. Modern smartphones are
9、 general-purpose computers. Users store e-mails on them, fix their position with satellite navigation systems, and even use them for banking, making them very juicy targets indeed. Even if the phones themselves are secure, it is far from clear how secure the behind-the- scenes servers run by Google
10、and Apple, which control the Android and iOS platforms respectively, really are. For the non-spies, there are cheaper, simpler options that often work, too. This week several journalists in Britain are standing trial for hacking the voicemail messages of everyone from serving politicians to murdered
11、 schoolchildren. Their methods were low-tech but effective: they smooth-talked employees of mobile-phone companies into handing over the four-digit pass codes that protect their customers voicemail accounts. Or else they simply guessed them, betting that the phone owners either hadnt changed them fr
12、om default settings or had chosen easy-to-remember ones, such as 12 34. Whether the NSA used low-or high-tech methods to tap Mrs. Merkels phone remains a mysteryfor now, at least.1.What is the purpose of this passage?2.How can encryption prevent casual eavesdropping?3.According to the context the wo
13、rd “impersonate”(Para. 3)might mean “（ ） ”.4.What is the last paragraph about?问题1选项A.To reveal how Angela Merkel is tapped.B.To narrate the story of leaks from Edward Snowden.C.To explain how phones can be bugged.D.To show the advancement of high technology.问题2选项A.By stopping the usual radio waves.B
14、.By disconnecting a telephone to a radio.C.By making the information incomprehensible.D.By creating equal code pages.问题3选项A.empowerB.designC.personifyD.copy问题4选项A.Other illegal means to obtain personal information.B.Process of snatching text messages.C.The trial of several British journalists.D.Advi
15、ce of how to use smartphones in proper ways.【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B【解析】第1题:1.结合文章内容可知,文章由第一段爱德华斯诺登泄密的故事引出手机窃听,主要目的是为了说明手机是如何被窃听的,所以选项C正确。2.根据第二段第三句“To prevent casual eavesdropping, . recipient can make sense of it.”为了防止偶然的窃听,手机经常(虽然并不总是如此)使用加密技术,加密技术会打乱数据的排列,只有目标接收者才能理解这些数据。也就是说,使信息无法被旁人所理解,选项C符合原文
16、。3.根据第三段第三句“Another option is to impersonate the mobile network itself, by setting up a fake base-station and persuading the targets phone to connect to it.”另一种选择是模拟移动网络本身,建立一个假的基站,并说服目标的手机连接到它。根据“fake base-station”可以推测,impersonate表示模拟的意思,选项中D带入原文最接近文意,所以正确。4.根据最后一段的第一句“Nor is it just calls. Text messages can also be snatched.”不只是电话,短信也可以
