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1、2022年考博英语-上海交通大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题We shall never be able to （ ） ourselves truly unless we are working for the welfare of our fellows.问题1选项A.realizeB.spotC.accomplishD.fulfill【答案】D【解析】近义词辨析。realize着重指把过去的计划或意愿变成现实; spot为动词时指的是沾上污渍; accomplish是正式用词, 强调一个过程的完成, 也可指依靠努力达到一定目的, 或取得一定的结果; fulfill强调梦寐以
2、求, 强调满足。句意：除非我们为他人的福利而工作, 否则我们永远不可能真正实现自我。选项D更恰当。2. 单选题My seven-year old nephew had a pair of new shoes in April and hes already （ ） them.问题1选项A.outweighedB.outgrownC.outlivedD.outreached【答案】B【解析】形近词辨析。outweighed 比重; outgrown 长得大而容不进, 比长得快（或高、大）; outlived 比活得长久; outreached 超越, 伸出。句意：我七岁的侄子四月份买了一双新鞋,
3、 现在已经穿不下了。选项B符合句意。3. 单选题Like most other American companies with a rigid （ ） , workers and managers have strictly defined duties.问题1选项A.vitalityB.jurisdictionC.hierarchyD.bureaucracy【答案】C【解析】名词辨析题。vitality生机，活力；jurisdiction司法权，管辖权；hierarchy层次，层级，等级制度；bureaucracy官僚主义。句意：和大多数等级森严的美国公司一样，工人和经理们也有严格定义的职责
4、。选项C符合句意。4. 单选题Mrs. Thompson gave us a （ ） account of what had happened;thats why we no longer believe in the sincerity of her utterance.问题1选项A.curvedB.distortedC.twistedD.tangled【答案】B【解析】形容词辨析题。curved弯曲的;distorted 歪曲的;曲解的,常指叙述事实的歪曲;twisted 扭曲的,常指物体的变形或者心理变态 ;tangled缠结的,复杂的。句意：Thompson夫人歪曲了所发生事情的事实，
5、这就是我们不再相信她说的话的原因。选项B符合句意。5. 单选题When Mr. Johns went shopping at the thrift store, he was looking for a （ ） .问题1选项A.bargainB.chargeC.gainD.purchase【答案】A【解析】名词辨析题。bargain便宜货；charge费用；gain利润，收获；purchase购买的东西。根据句中的关键词 the thrift store（旧货店，二手店）判断, 选项A更符合句意。 6. 单选题To live in the United Slates today is to g
6、ain an appreciation for Dahrendorfs assertion that social change exists everywhere. Technology, the application of knowledge for practical ends, is a major source of social change.Yet we would do well to remind ourselves that technology is a human creation; it does not exist naturally. A spear or a
7、robot is as much a cultural as a physical object. Until humans use a spear to hunt game or a robot to produce machine parts, neither is much more than a solid mass of matter. For a bird looking for an object on which to rest, a spear or robot serves the purpose equally well. The explosion of the Cha
8、llenger space shuttle and the Russian nuclear accident at Chernobyl make people see how important the human quality of technology is; they provide cases in which well-planned systems suddenly became completely disordered and there was no ready hand to set them right. Since technology is a human crea
9、tion, we are responsible for what is done with it. Pessimists worry that we will use our technology eventually to blow our world and ourselves to pieces. But they have been saying this for decades, and so far we have managed to survive and even flourish. Whether we will continue to do so in the year
10、s ahead remains uncertain. Clearly, the impact of technology on our lives deserves a closer examination.Few technological developments have had a greater impact on our lives than the computer revolution. Scientists and engineers have designed specialized machines that can do the tasks that once only
11、 people could do. There are those who assert that the switch to an information-based economy is in the same camp as other great historical milestones, particularly the Industrial Revolution. Yet when we ask why the Industrial Revolution was a revolution, we find that it was not the machines. The pri
12、mary reason why it was a revolutionary is that it led to great social change. It gave rise to mass production and, through mass production, to a society in which wealth was not confined to the few.In somewhat similar fashion, computers promise to revolutionize the structure of American life, particu
13、larly as they free the human mind and open new possibilities in knowledge and communication. The Industrial Revolution supplemented and replaced the muscles of humans and animals by mechanical methods. The computer extends this development of supplement and replaces some aspects of the mind of human
14、 beings by electronic methods. It is the capacity of the computer for solving problems and making decisions that represents its greatest potential and that poses the greatest difficulties in predicting the impact on society.1.A spear or a robot has the quality of technology only when it （ ） .2.The e
15、xamples of the Challenger and Chernobyl cited by the author serve to show that（ ） .3.According to the author, the introduction of the computer is a revolution mainly because （ ） .4.By using the phrase the human quality of technology (line 7, ParA.2), the author refers to the fact that technology （ ）.5.The passage is based on the authors（ ） .问题1选项A.is used both as a cultural and a physical objectB.is utilized by manC.serves different purposes equally wellD.can be of use to both
