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1、考研考博-考博英语-四川师范大学模拟考试题含答案1. 单选题If this evil man remained unpunished, our social moral standard _.问题1选项A.will undermineB.would undermineC.would be underminedD.will be undermined【答案】C【解析】考查虚拟语气。当从句为：If+主语+动词的过去式（be用were），主句则为：主语+would（should；could；might）+动词原型。故可排除A、D选项。句意：如果这个坏人不受惩罚，我们的社会道德标准就会被破坏。又因该句
2、中的“社会道德标准”与“破坏”之间是被动关系，因此C选项正确。2. 单选题Some taxonomists, particularly those working in herbaria and providing an identification service, do need such _.问题1选项A.approachB.confidenceC.faithD.expertise【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项approach“方法，方式；接近；接洽”；B选项confidence“信心；信任；秘密”；C选项faith“信仰；信念；信任；忠实”；D选项expertise“专门知识；
3、专门技术；专家的意见”。句意：一些分类学家，特别是那些在标本室工作并提供鉴定服务的分类学家，确实需要这样的专业知识。因此D选项正确。3. 单选题The wood was so rotten that, when we pulled, it _ into fragments.问题1选项A.broke offB.broke awayC.broke throughD.broke up【答案】D【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项break off“折断；突然停止，暂停”；B选项break away“脱离；放弃；逃跑”；C选项break through“突破；突围；有重要创见”；D选项break up“打碎，
4、破碎；结束；解散；衰落；终止；分手”。句意：木头已经是如此的腐朽以至于我们一拉它就变成了碎片。因此D选项正确。4. 单选题Resources can be said to be scarce in both an absolute and relative sense: The surface of the Earth is finite, imposing absolute scarcity; but the scarcity that concerns economists is the relative scarcity of resources in different uses. M
5、aterials used for one purpose cannot at the same time be used for other purposes; if the quantity of an input is limited, the increased use of it in one manufacturing process must cause it to become less available for other uses.The cost of a product in terms of money may not measure its true cost t
6、o society. The true cost of, say, the construction of a supersonic jet is the value of the schools and refrigerators that will never be built as a result. Every act of production uses up some of societys available resources; it means the foregoing of an opportunity to produce something else. In deci
7、ding how to use resources most effectively to satisfy the wants of the community, this opportunity cost must ultimately be taken into account.In a market economy, the price of a good and the quantity supplied depend on the cost of making it, and that cost, ultimately, is the cost of not making other
8、 goods. The market mechanism enforces this relationship. The cost of, say, a pair of shoes is the price of the leather, the labor, the fuel, and other elements used up in producing them. But the price of these inputs, in turn, depends on what they can produce elsewhereif the leather can be used to p
9、roduce handbags that are valued highly by consumers, the prices of leather will be bid up correspondingly.1. What does this passage mainly discuss?2. According to the passage, what are the opportunity costs of an item?3. According to the passage, what is the relationship between production and resou
10、rces?4. What determines the price of a good in a market economy?5. Which of the following examples BEST reflects a cost to society as defined in the passage?问题1选项A.The scarcity of manufactured goods.B.The value of scarce materials.C.The manufacturing of scarce goods.D.The cost of producing shoes.问题2
11、选项A.The amount of time and money spent in producing it.B.The opportunities a person has to buy it.C.The value of what could have been produced instead.D.The value of the resources used in its production.问题3选项A.Available resources stimulate production.B.Resources are totally independent of production
12、.C.Production increases as resources increase.D.Production lessens the amount of available resources.问题4选项A.The cost of all elements in production.B.The cost of not making other goods.C.The efficiency of the manufacturing process.D.The quantity of materials supplied.问题5选项A.A family buying a dog.B.Ea
13、ting in a restaurant instead of at home.C.Using land for a house instead of a park.D.Staying at home instead of going to school.【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.主旨大意题。根据全文可知文章三段均围绕短缺原料的价值进行说明。文章第一段说明了什么叫原料相对短缺，第二段说明了什么叫机会成本，第三段说明了原料的价格是由什么决定的。A选项“制成品的缺乏”说法错误，文章更多的是描写原料的短缺，而非制成品；B选项“稀有材料的价值”符合题意；C选
14、项“稀有商品的制造”文章没有提到；D选项“生产鞋子的成本”可定位到文章第三段“The cost of, say, a pair of shoes is the price of the leather, the labor, the fuel, and other elements used up in producing them. （比如说，一双鞋的成本就是皮革、劳动力、燃料和其他生产过程中所消耗的元素的价格。）”，由此可知D选项只是文章中列举的一个例子，并不能概括全文。因此B选项正确。2.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段“Every act of production uses u
15、p some of societys available resources; it means the foregoing of an opportunity to produce something else.（每一种生产行为都会消耗一些社会可用资源；它意味着放弃一个生产其他东西的机会。）”，由此可知机会成本是用可生产的其他商品来衡量的，所以C选项“可生产的其他商品的价值”符合题意。A选项“生产它所花费的时间和金钱”只能说是生产成本，不是机会成本；B选项“人们必须购买它的机会”；D选项“在生产中使用的资源的价值”文中都没有提到。因此C选项正确。3.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第一段“Materials used for one purpose cannot at the same time be used for other purposes; if the quantity of an input is limited, the increased use of it in one manufacturing process must cause it to become l
