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1、2022年考博英语-中国矿业大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Lincoln, who many regard as one of our great presidents, was often（ ）despite his reputation of telling good jokes.问题1选项A.brightB.optimisticC.gloomyD.cheerful【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：林肯被很多人认为是伟大的总统之一，尽管他以幽默闻名，但是他经常比较忧郁。bright “明亮的”；optimistic “乐观的”；gloomy “阴郁的”；che
2、erful “快乐的，愉快的”。根据despite一词可知空格处的内容与后面的内容形成对比，因此根据句意选项C符合题意。2. 单选题Nobody in the company pays attention to his opinion, because what he has said is always mere（ ）.问题1选项A.commonplaceB.commonC.ordinaryD.homely【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：公司中没人理会他的观点，因为他说的都是陈词滥调。commonplace “司空见惯的东西”；common “普通”；ordinary “平常的人或
3、事”；homely “家庭的”，形容词。根据句意，选项A符合题意。3. 单选题Americans today dont place a very high value on intellect. Our heroes arc athletes, entertainers, and entrepreneurs, not scholars. Even our schools are where we send our children to get a practical educationnot to pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge. Sym
4、ptoms of pervasive anti-intellectualism in our schools arent difficult to find.“Schools have always been in a society where practical is more important than intellectual”, says education writer Diane Ravitcli. “Schools could be a counterbalance.” Ravitchs latest book, Left Back: A Century of Failed
5、School Reforms, traces the roots of anti-intellectualism in our schools, concluding they are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual pursuits.But they could and should be. Encouraging kids to reject the life of the mind leaves them vulnerable to exploitation and contr
6、ol. Without the ability to think critically, to defend their ideas and understand the ideas of others, they cannot fully participate in our democracy. Continuing along this path, says writer Earl Shorris, “We will become a second-rate country. We will have a less civil society.”“Intellect is resente
7、d as a form of power or privilege,” writes historian and Professor Richard Hofstadter in Anti- Intellectualism in American life, a Pulitzer Prize winning book on the roots of anti-intellectualism in US politics, religion, and education. From the beginning of our history, says Hofstadter, our democra
8、tic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism. Practicality, common sense, and native intelligence have been considered more noble qualities than anything you could learn from a book.Ralph Waldo Emerson and other Transcendentalist philosophers thought schooling and
9、rigorous book learning put unnatural restraints on children; “We are shut up in schools and college recitation rooms for 10 or 15 years and come out at last with a bellyful of words and do not know a thing.” Mark Twains Huckleberry Finn exemplified American anti-intellectualism. Its hero avoids bein
10、g civilizedgoing to school and learning to read, so he can preserve his innate goodness.Intellect, according to Hofstadter, is different from native intelligence, a quality we reluctantly admire. Intellect is the critical creative and contemplative side of the mind. Intelligence seeks grasp, manipul
11、ate, re-order, and adjust, while intellect examines, ponders, wonders, theorizes, criticizes and imagines.School remains a place where intellect is mistrusted. Hofstader says our countrys educational system is in the grips of people who joyfully and militantly proclaim their hostility to intellect a
12、nd their eagerness to identify with children who show the least intellectual promise.”1.What do American parents expect their children to acquire in school?2.We can learn from the text that Americans have a history of（ ）.3.The views of Ravitcli and Emerson on schooling are（ ）.4.Emerson, according to
13、 the text, is probably（ ）.问题1选项A.The habit of thinking independently.B.Profound knowledge of the world.C.Practical abilities for future career.D.The confidence in intellectual pursuits.问题2选项A.undervaluing intellectB.favoring intellectualismC.supporting school reformD.suppressing native intelligence问
14、题3选项A.identicalB.similarC.complementaryD.opposite问题4选项A.a pioneer of education reformB.an opponent of intellectualismC.a scholar in favor of intellectD.an advocate of regular schooling【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“美国家长期望他们的孩子在学校学到什么”。文章第一段第二句提到“甚至我们送孩子去学习知识的学校也不是为了求知” （Even our schools a
15、re where we send our children to get a practical educationnot to pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge），可知美国家长送孩子去学校的目的是培养实践能力，选项C符合题意。2.细节事实题。题目问的是“从文章中我们可以知美国有过一段怎样的历史”。文章第二段第一句话提到“教育作家提出，学校一直处于一个重视实际而轻视才智的社会中”（“Schools have always been in a society where practical is more important than intellectual”, says education writer Diane Ravitcli），选项A“轻视才智”符合题意。3.推理判断题。题目问的是“Ravitch和Emerson关于学校的观点”。文章第五段第一句话提到爱默生和其他一些超经验主义者认为学校和严格的书本学习禁锢了学生（Ralph Waldo Emerson and other Transcendentalist philosophers thought schooling and rigorous book learning put
