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1、主题词表EnglishChinese01.大气atmosphericscience大气科学meteorology气象学theoreticalmeteorology理论气象学mesometeorology中尺度气象学micrometeorology微气象学physicalmeteorology物理气象学atmosphere大气evolutionofatmosphere大气演化atmosphericimpurity大气杂质atmosphericsuspendedmatter大气悬浮物atmosphericdiffusion大气扩散atmosphericcomposition大气成分atmosphe
2、ricion大气离子atmosphericmass大气质量airquality大气品位atmosphericdensity大气密度atmosphericsubdivision大气分层homosphere均质层heterosphere非均质层homopause均质层顶significantlevel特性层standardpressurelevel标准层isothermallayer等温层loweratmosphere低层大气middleatmosphere中层大气upperatmosphere高层大气troposphere对流层tropopause对流层顶stratosphere平流层strat
3、opause平流层顶mesosphere中间层mesopause中间层顶thermosphere热层exosphere外逸层ionosphere电离层magnetosphere磁层magnetopause磁层顶chemosphere光化层chemopause光化层顶ozonosphere臭氧层freeatmosphere自由大气planetaryatmosphere行星大气standardatmosphere（referenceatmosphere）标准大气（参考大气）homogeneousatmosphere均质大气isothermalatmosphere等温大气polytropicatmo
4、sphere多元大气scaleheight大气标高meteorologicalelement气象要素airtemperature气温wet-bulbtemperature湿球温度dry-bulbtemperature干球温度temperatureprofile温度廓线atmosphericpressure气压standardatmospherepressure标准大气压stationpressure本站气压sea-levelpressure海平面气压pressuregradient气压梯度barometricheightformula压高公式pressuregradientforce气压梯度力
5、Coriolisforce科里奥利力watervapor水蒸汽transferofwatervapor水汽输送watervaporprofile水汽廓线watervaporpressure水汽压humidity湿度relativehumidity相对湿度absolutehumidity绝对湿度specifichumidity比湿mixingratio混合比dewpointtemperature露点（温度）depressionofthedewpoint（温度）露点差super-saturatedair过饱和空气saturationspecifichumidity饱和比湿saturationvap
6、orpressure饱和水汽压psychrometricformula测湿公式saturationdeficit饱和差internationalcloudatlas国际云图cloud云lowcloud低云middlecloud中云highcloud高云cloudbase云底cloudtop云顶cloudceiling云幂#cloudamount云量totalcloudcover总云量cloudwithverticaldevelopment直展云cloudheight云高cloudgenera云属cloudetage云族cloudspecies云种cloudvariety云类cloudform云
7、状cirrus,Ci卷云cirrusfibratus,Cifib毛卷云cirrusspissatus,Cispi密卷云cirrusuncinus,Ciunc钩卷云cirrostratus,Cs卷层云cirrostratusfibratus,Csfib毛卷层云cirrostratusnebulosus,Csneb薄幕卷层云cirrocumulus,Cc卷积云altocumulus,Ac高积云altocumulustranslucidus,Actr透光高积云altocumulusopacus,Acop蔽光高积云altocumuluslenticularis,Aclen荚状高积云altocumulu
8、scumulogenitus,Accug积云性高积云altocumulusfloccus絮状高积云altocumuluscastellanus,Accas堡状高积云altostratus,As高层云altostratustranslucidus,Astr透光高层云altostratusopacus,Asop蔽光高层云cumulus,Cu积云cumulushumilis,Cuhum淡积云cumulusmediocris,Cumed中展积云cumulusfractus,Cufra碎积云cumuluscongestus,Cucon浓积云cumulonimbus,Cb积雨云cumulonimbusca
9、lvus,Cbcal秃积雨云cumulonimbuscapillatus,Cbcap鬃积雨云stratocumulus,Sc层积云stratocumulustranslucidus,Sctr透光层积云stratocumulusopacus,Scop蔽光层积云stratocumuluscumulogenitus,Sccug积云性层积云stratocumuluscastellanus,Sccas堡状层积云stratocumuluslenticularis,Sclen荚状层积云stratus,St层云stratusfractus,Stfra碎层云nimbostratus,Ns雨层云stratifor
10、mcloud层状云cumuliformcloud积状云fracto-nimbus,Fn碎雨云chaoticsky混乱天空coldcloud冷云warmcloud暖云icecloud冰云watercloud水云hailcloud冰雹云wind风winddirection风向windspeed,windvelocity风速maximumwindspeed最大风速extremewindspeed极大风速windspeedprofile风速廓线horizontalwindvector水平风矢量windforce风力windforcescale风级Beaufortwindscale蒲福风级calm0级风
11、lightair1级风lightbreeze2级风gentlebreeze3级风moderatebreeze4级风freshbreeze5级风strongbreeze6级风neargale7级风gale8级风stronggale9级风storm10级风violentstorm11级风hurricane12级风gust阵风localwind地方性风surfacewind地面风foehn焚风mountain-valleybreeze山谷风sea-landbreeze海陆风on-shorewind向岸风off-shorewind离岸风gorgewind峡谷风slopewind坡风#glacierbr
12、eeze冰川风drainagewind流泄风visibility能见度effectivevisibility有效能见度visualrangeoflight灯光能见距离surfacevisibility地面能见度horizontalvisibility水平能见度verticalvisibility垂直能见度slantvisibility倾斜能见度meteor大气现象weatherphenomenon天气现象clearsky晴天partlycloudy少云cloudy多云overcast阴天blueofthesky天空蓝度apparentformofthesky天穹形状stateofground地
13、面状态skycondition天空状况precipitation降水amountofprecipitation降水量precipitationintensity降水强度showeryprecipitation阵性降水convectiveprecipitation对流性降水non-convectiveprecipitation非对流性降水orographicprecipitation地形降水rain雨rainvirga雨幡raindrop雨滴rainshadow雨影glaze雨凇rainday雨日rainfallamount雨量continuousprecipitation连续性降水interm
14、ittentprecipitation间歇性降水showeryrain阵雨freezingrain冻雨drizzle毛毛雨lightrain小雨moderaterain中雨heavyrain大雨torrentialrain暴雨localprecipitation地方性降水orographicrain地形雨storm风暴sandstorm,duststorm沙尘暴hailstorm雹暴haze霾hazealoft高空霾dust浮尘blowingsand高吹沙driftingsand低吹沙dew露frost霜frostpoint霜点firstfrost初霜latestfrost终霜tornado龙
15、卷dustdevil尘卷风squall飑丿一|二snow雪snowvirga雪幡sleet雨夹雪showerysnow阵雪snowcrystal雪晶snowflake雪花.、J/一snowgrains米雪snowstorm雪暴drivensnow吹雪driftingsnow低吹雪blowingsnow高吹雪snowcover积雪snowfallamount雪量snowdepth雪深snowday雪日icing积冰wireicing电线积冰hail冰雹hailstone雹块icepellet冰丸thunder雷thunderstorm雷暴thundershower雷阵雨orographicthu
16、nderstorm地形雷暴thunderstormcell雷暴单体atmospherics天电lightning闪电lightningchannel闪电通道forkedlightning叉状闪电sheetlightning片状闪电balllightning球状闪电streaklightning条状闪电pearl-necklacelightning串珠状闪电fog雾mist轻雾wetfog湿雾seafog海雾icefog冰雾frontalfog锋面雾advectionfog平流雾radiationfog辐射雾advection-radiationfog平流辐射雾mixingfog混合雾evaporationfog蒸发雾supercooledfog过冷却雾groundfog地面雾upslopefog上坡雾air-massfog气团雾tropicalairfog热带气团雾rime雾凇graupel霰percentageofsunshine日照百分率sunshineduration日照时数durationo
