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1、语法精讲 前缀与后缀在一个单词前或后加上一个词缀，变成一个新的词，这种构词法叫派生。词缀有前缀和后缀两种，加在单词前的叫前缀，加在后面的叫后缀。1.前缀常见的前缀有：Auto-自己的，独自的：automobileBi-双，两个:bicycle,bilingual(双语的)Dis-(表否定)不，无：dislike;disableEn-,em-使成为：enable;encourage;embodyEx-前任的，以前的：ex-wife(前妻)ex-president(前任总统)Extra-额外的：extraordinary（非凡的）extramarital(婚姻外的)in-,il-，im,ir-,不
2、，非：incomplete;illegal(非法的)；immoral;irregularinter-间，相互：international;interaction;mis-误：misunderstand;misbehave;misplaceover-太多，太过：overtime;overwork;overdore-重新，再：repeat;rewrite;reusesub-在的下面，次于，低于：subway,subsoil,subtitle, subnormaltele-远距离：telephone;televisionunder-在以下：underground2.名词后缀-an/-ian 人：Am
3、erican,Italian, musician-tion/-sion动作，状态：determination-ency/ence(抽象名词):dependence;frequency-ee动作承受者或受影响者：employee(受雇者)，refugee(难民)-eer人：engineer,volunteer-er/-or（人或物）:fighter,actor,cooker-ess 女性actress;waitress-ism主义，教：communism,socialism-ist 主义者，从事某专业的人：socialist,typist, archaeologist-ment 表行为，结果，状
4、态，物件，机构等：argument,instrument-ship表状态，身份：friendship,leadership,scholarship, relationship-ty 表状态，性质：plenty, difficulty, anxiety-ure 表结果，行为，状态及实物：pressure,picture,pleasure3.形容词后缀-able/-ible能够：unforgetable,responsible,edible,accessible-al的：natural,cultural,national,professional-an/-ian人，地方的：Russian,Amer
5、ican-en由制成的：woolen,wooden-ern表方向：northern,southern-ful充满的，有性质的：careful,beautiful,useful-ic/-ical 关于的，有性质，属于的：economic,electrical,political-ish似的，关于国家（民族，语言）：selfish,childish,British,foolish-ive有性质的，有倾向的：attractive,talkative,impressive-less 无，不：careless,useless-ly像的，有性质的：friendly,weekly,manly-ous充满的:
6、hervous,dangerous,poisonous-wards 问：downwards, backwards-y 充满的，有性质的：rainy,snowy,cloucly,noisy,clusty.4.动词后缀-en 使成为：fasten,sharpen,shorten-fy 使化：satisfy,simplify-ie/-ise使变成：modernize,realize;industrialize5.副词后缀-ly地：carefully,quickly, highly-ward(s)向地：forward, upwards,downwards考题再现【考例1】I _the present
7、he bought me.A.dislike B.unlike C.inlike D.mislike解析:like的否定前缀是dis-。答案:A【考例2】Children should be encouraged to be _ thinkers.A.independent B.undependentC.dispendent D.misdependent解析:dependent 的否定前缀为in-。答案:A【考例3】It set me thinking on the probable effect of my _.A.disappearance B.unappearanceC.offappea
8、rance D.ilappearance解析:appearance 的否定前缀为dis-。答案:A【考例4】He was a scientist of _reputation.A.internationed B.nationC.imnational D.international解析:reputation 为名词，因此需要一形容词作它的定语。nation的形容词后缀为-al;前缀inter表示互相之间。句意为“他是一个享有国际声誉的科学家。”答案:D【考例5】The _was fired by the boss for his being absence.A.employ B.employee
9、C.employer D.employment解析:employ v.雇佣；employee n. 雇员；employer n. 雇主；employment n. 雇佣。句意为“因为旷工，那位雇员被老板解雇了”。答案:B【考例6】The black people were against slavery and fought for their_ bravely.A.free B.freelyC.freedom D.freeway解析:形容词性物主代词的后面应使用名词。free的名词形式为freedom。答案:C【考例7】 Think of your familys _when you dri
10、ve.A.safety B.save C.safe D.safely解析:safety n., save v.,safe adj.,safely adv.。答案:A【考例8】He went to bed and fell _at once.A.sleepy B.sleeping C.asleep D.sleep解析:固定表达：fall asleep 入睡，睡着。答案:C【考例9】The spokesman never gave a _answer to any question of the reporters.A.direction B.direct C.director D.directl
11、y解析:direction n.方向，指导；direct adj. 直接的，v.导演，指导；director n.导演；directly adv.直接地。名词前应使用形容词。答案:B【考例10】 In Brazil, to play _football is the greatest dream among the poor in the cities.A.profession B.professionalC.professionally D.professor解析:profession n.职业；professional adj.专业的；professionally adv.专业地；prof
12、essor n. 教授。professional football 职业篮球。答案:B【考例11】 Everyone is expected to lead an _ life according to rules laid down by the government.A.to order B.order C.disorder D.orderly解析:由句子结构可知，此处应填形容词。orderly 虽以ly结尾，但为形容词。答案:D【考例12】I cant tell one from the other because they are only _different.A.slight B.slighter C.slightly D.slightest解析:修饰形容词应使用副词。答案:C
