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1、第二章 常用易混短语辨析1.add to, add to, add up to add to 是个及物动词词组，后直接跟宾语，意为：增加，增添。addto的意思是把加到上，add是个及物动词，to是介词。add up to 是加起来等于，总达的意思，后多跟数字。如：His illness added to our difficulties.他的病增加了我们的困难。Would you please add a few notes to the article?你能给这篇文章加些注释吗？This bill adds up to $15.这个账单总计15美元.2.adhere to, stick t
2、o两个短语都是坚持之意。如果坚持的是意见，计划，决定，原则等，两词可互换。如果坚持的是一种活动，只能用stick to。如：He sticks to (adheres to) his opinion.他固执已见。He sticks to the study of English.他坚持学习英语。3.a kind of, of a kind, kind ofa kind of 是前置定语，后接不可数名词或可数名词单数，意为：一种，某种。of a kind 是固定短语，作后置定语，意为：同类的，质量低劣的。kind of 是副词短语，意为：有一点，稍微，似乎。如：It was a kind of
3、fruit with a hard crust.那是一种壳很硬的水果。They are two of a kind.他们俩是一种货色。We had coffee of a kind.我们喝的咖啡质量太差。He looks kind of weak after his illness.他病后有点虚弱。4a many of, many a a many of 相当于a great (good) many, 后接名词的复数，谓语动词也用复数。many a 表示“许多”，后接名词单数，谓语动词也用单数。如：There are a many ( a great many) schools in Zhen
4、gzhou.郑州有很多学校。Many a man has seen the film before.很多人以前看过这部影片。5.anything but, nothing but, none butanything but 意思是“根本不，决不”，后接名词或形容词。nothing but意为“仅仅，只不过”，相当于only。none but 相当于nothing but,意思是“除了之外，什么也没有”，或“只有”。如：The exam was anything but easy.这一次考试绝不容易。He is nothing but a teacher.他只不过是个教师而已。They chos
5、e none but the best.他们只有选择最好的。6.as a result, as a result ofas a result 是个介词短语，作接续状语，用逗号与其他部分分开，意思是：“结果，因此”。as a result of 是短语介词，后接名词或名词短语，意思是：“由于的结果”，“因为”。如：She didnt study hard, as a result, she failed in the exam.她学习不努力，结果考试没及格。He was killed as a result of the plane crash.他死于飞机失事。7.as it is , as i
6、t was, as it wereas it is 用于句首，意思是：“照当时的情况”或“事实上”，过去时用as it was。 as it were 是独立成分，作插入语使用，常位于句中，意思是：“可以说，好像是”。如：As it is, she has to stay at home.事实上，她非呆在家里不可。The sky is covered,as it were, with a black curtain.天空好像被黑幕遮住了似的。8.at (the) least, in the leastat (the) least 意思是“至少”，“不论怎么样”。in the least与not
7、连用，意思是“一点也不”。如：It requires at leats 2 days.这事至少需要两天的时间。Im not in the least tired.我一点也不累。9.at ease, with easeat ease 意思是：“快活地，舒适地”。with ease表示“容易地”的意思，相当于easily,如：I always feel ill at ease in strange place.在陌生的地方我总感到很不舒服。This thing can be done with great ease.这件事情轻而易举地就可办成。10.before long, long before
8、before long是“很快，不久”的意思，可用于各种时态。long before是“很久以前”的意思，一般用于过去时态。如：I will see the film before long.我不久就要看这部电影。He said he had seen the film long before.他说他很久以前看过这部电影。11.begin with, to begin withbegin with 是动词短语，作谓语，表示“以开始”的意思。to begin with 是不定式短语作独立成分，作插入语使用，意思是：“首先”。如：Lets begin with the question.让我们先从
9、这个问题谈起。I cant go to travel. To begin with, I have no time, besides, I have no money.我不能去旅游。首先我没时间，再说我也没钱。12.be responsible for, be responsible to两词均表示“对负责”。be responsible for是对事负责，be responsible to是对人负责。如：Ill be responsible for what he has done.我会对他做的一切负责。He is responsible to me.他对我负责。13.break ones
10、word, eat ones wordsbreak ones word意思是“失言，食言，毁约”的意思，word只能用单数。eat ones words意思是因为意识到自己的过失而“收回前言”，或者“承认错误”，words只能用复数。如：He is a man who never breaks his word. 他是个绝不食言的人。Its hard for a haughty man to eat his words.要一个傲慢的人认错很难。14.by contrast, in contrast to (with)be contrast 是个介词短语，表示“通过比较，对比之下”的意思。in
11、contrast to (with)是个短语介词，意思是“和对比”，“与截然不同”。如：We can find the similarities and differences between them by contrast. 通过比较，我们能看到他们之间的共性与不同点。In contrast to (with) your belief, we succeeded.与你认为的正相反，我们成功了。15.by heart, at heartby heart 意思是：“靠记忆”，常与get, learn, know等搭配。at heart意思是：“在内心深处”。如：My daughter lear
12、ned many poems by heart.我女儿背了许多许。You are corrupted at heart. 你骨子里是腐败的。pare to, compare withcompare to 一般用来说明两个比较对象之间的共性，意思是：“把比作”。compare with意思是：“把和相比较”，目的是找出不同点。另外，compare with可与can not或者can连用，意思是：“（不）能相比，（不）可匹敌”等意思。如：Shakespeare compared the world to a stage.莎士比亚把人生比做舞台。The lecturer compared the
13、two poets with each other.这位演讲者把那两个诗人相互作了比较。He can not compare with Shakespeare as a writer of tragedies.作为一个悲剧作家，他无法与莎士比亚相比。plain about/ on, complain of两个短语都有“抱怨”的意思。complain about/ on批“抱怨”时，意思是泛泛的、没有具体内容的唠叨。complain of 是有具体的“抱怨”的对象和肉容，也可以用来表示“投诉”的意思。如：She always complains about (on) her life.她总是抱怨
14、生活。She complains of his laziness.她抱怨他太赖。18.correspond to, correspond with这两个短语在作“符合，一致”讲时可以互换，但correspond with还可以表示“保持通信联系”的意思。correspond to 表示“等于，与相称”的意思。如：The house exactly corresponds with (to) our needs.这个房子恰好符合我们的需要。We have kept corresponding with each other since graduation.从毕业后，我们一直保持联系。His e
15、xpenses do not correspond to his income.他的花费与他的收入不相称。19.consist in, consist of, consist withconsist in 意思是：“在于，以为主要或惟一因素”。consist of意思是：“由组成，由构成”，可以与composed of 互换。consist with 意思是：“与一致”，“符合”，相当于be in harmony with。另外，consist是不及物动词，不能用于被动结构。如：The difference between the two machines consists with power.这两台机器的差别在于功率的不同。The book consists of six chapters.全书共分六章。His action consists with reason.他的行为合乎情理。20.cut into, cut down, cut back这组短语都有“减少，削减”的意思。cut in
