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1、内容摘要如何向农村人口提供金融效劳，是农村经济开展必须要解决的问题，也一直是各国政府面临的挑战。小额信贷的开展为解决这一问题提供了全新的思路。小额信贷是对传统正规金融机构和非正规金融机构信贷方式进行创新的结果,作为面向穷人的创新金融工具，小额信贷在一些区域获得的成功引起了开展中国家的关注和借鉴。我国农村金融市场开展缓慢，信贷资金供求矛盾突出，政府扶贫贴息贷款运行效率不高，难以从根本上改变农村金融状况，适应农村经济进一步开展的需要。现阶段，我国农村金融改革与创新的方向为：培育多元化的农村金融组织，建立竞争性的农村金融市场，充分发挥农村金融机构对农村经济的支持作用。小额信贷正是在这一背景下引入我国
2、的，以促进我国农村金融市场主体的多元化和农村金融机构经营方向的转变。小额信贷作为金融创新的成果，在我国开展经历了四个阶段：非政府组织引入、农业银行与政府扶贫部门模仿、农信社推广和商业性小额贷款公司四个阶段。利率问题、政府职能的定位问题、非政府农村小额信贷组织的地位与未来开展问题、人员素质问题等是制约农村小额信贷在我国顺利开展和农村金融创新的关键因素。新时期，要以农村小额信贷的开展为契机推进我国农村金融创新，从放松对农村金融市场的管制、转变政府职能、完善相应法律法规等方面入手，大力开展商业性农村小额信贷，培育多元化的竞争有序的农村金融市场。本文主要由以下五个局部组成：第一局部介绍了农村小额信贷产
3、生的背景、原因以及农村小额信贷的开展，并对国内外相关文献进行综述。文章的第二局部对我国农村小额信贷中存在的问题进行详细阐述。文章第三局部全面、深入、系统地对中国小额信贷与农村金融创新进行理论分析，并对我国农村小额信贷的运行机制进行详细阐述。文章的第四局部对开展我国小额信贷提出相关对策建议。最后是本论文的结论，对重要理论进行回忆。关键词：小额信贷；农村金融创新；政府补贴AbstractHow tohelp farmer households in financeis an important problem for the development of rural economy . It is
4、 also a challenge for governments in all countries .The practice and development of microfinance offers a brand-new thinking for solving this problem . Microfinance is the result of the innovation to traditional irregular credit modes and regular financial institutions . As an innovative financial i
5、nstrument to poor people , the success of microfinance in some regions has caused some concerns from the developing countries.For a long time , the rural financial market has developed slowly in our country .The contradiction between financial supply and demand is outstanding ,the governmental subsi
6、dized loans program for the poor has not been operated effectively ,therefore it can not improve the rural economy once and for all .And in present stage , there have been the directions of rural financial innovation :to develop plural rural financial institutions ,to build competitive rural financi
7、al market ,to make rural finance fully play role to support rural economic development .Microfinance was rightly introduced in above background ,to promote the pluralism of the participants in Chinas rural financial market and to change the operating direction of rural financial institutions .As the
8、 achievement of rural financial innovation ,microfinance in our country has experienced such four stages as: introduction made by non-governmental organizations , imitation done by Agricultural bank of China ,governmental aid-the-poor department ,popularization done by rural credit cooperative and s
9、mall loan company . In order to promote rural financial innovation in our country by taking the development of microfinance as a turning point ,we must start with transforming the government functions ,relaxing financial regulation and deepening the innovation of rural financial system . The issue o
10、f interest rates ,the functions of the government ,non-governmental organizations and the status ,future development and the quality of personnel of rural microfinance companies are the key factors to constraint the smooth development of rural microfinance and rural financial innovation .At present
11、stage ,we should take the development of micro-credit as an opportunity to promote Chinas rural financial innovation .Through deregulation of the rural financial markets ,the transformation of government functions and deepening the reform of rural credit cooperatives and other aspects, we can create
12、 a harmonious ecological environment in rural financial market and attract more funds to cultivate a diversified ,competitive and orderly rural financial market.This paper mainly consists of the following five components :the first part explores the founding background and reasons and the developmen
13、t of rural microfinance ,and analyzes the developing process through a review of domestic and foreign relevant literature .The second part of the paper explains the problems of rural microfinance .The third part of the article carries out a comprehensive and in-depth research on the rural microfinan
14、ce and Chinas rural financial innovation , and explains the operating mechanism of rural microfinance .The forth part of the article proposes countermeasures of developing microfinance in China .The final part of the article gets the conclusion, and also looks back on the important theory .Key word
15、: microfinance ; rural financial innovation ;government subsidy目录第1章 绪论1选题背景及研究意义11.2 文献综述2研究方法与结构安排6第2章 中国小额信贷中存在的问题82.1 非政府组织小额信贷82.1.1 非政府组织小额信贷的根本情况及主要特点82.1.2 非政府组织小额信贷开展中存在的主要问题92.2 政府推动型小额信贷102.政府推动型小额信贷的开展11政府推动型小额信贷中存在的问题11正规金融机构小额信贷122.3.1农村信用社小额信贷产生的条件分析12信用社小额信贷产品分析14信用社小额信贷的意义与创新152信用社小
16、额信贷存在的问题152.4 小额贷款公司17小额信贷公司产生的背景18商业性小额信贷的进展情况及存在的问题20第3章 中国小额信贷与农村金融创新的理论分析223.1 中国农村金融市场与小额信贷理论分析22农村信贷市场道德风险和逆向选择分析22农村信贷市场的“失灵现象分析24扶贫信贷资金政策失效理论25小额信贷产生的理论分析273.2 小额信贷运行机制28小额信贷的小组贷款和连带责任28还款机制和社会担保293.2.3 社会惩罚31中国农村金融创新与小额信贷32金融创新的根本理论32我国农村金融创新的背景33小额信贷在我国农村金融创新中的意义和作用34第4章 小额信贷的政策建议35重新定位政府的作用35逐步放开小额信贷
