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1、2022年考博英语-江西财经大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word or phrase for each numbered blank from the four choices marked A, B, C or D and write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Public officials and candidates for public offices routinely use public o
2、pinion polls to keep（31）of what the people are thinking. An important question is the degree to which these polls should guide leaders（32）their actions. There are arguments for and against the use of polls as the basis for policy（33）.Polls can contribute to effective government by keeping political
3、leaders from getting too far（34）line with the publics thinking. In a democratic society, the effectives of a public policy depends on the extent of its public（35）. When a policy is contrary to the publics desires, people may choose to（36）or undermined it, thus making it counterproductive or ineffici
4、ent. Furthermore, when government（37）a course of action with which a large proportion of the public disagrees, it（38）a loss of public confidence, which can have a negative effect on its ability to lead. The Reagan administration, flying high from 1981 to 1985, was brought low in 1986 by public react
5、ion to news of its secret sales of weapons to Iran. The administration had not paid（39）attention to polls that had revealed the deep antagonism Americans still felt toward Iran because the Ayatollah Khomeinis regime had held three American hostages.However, leaders can also do a disservice to the pu
6、blic they represent by using poll results as a（40）for policy judgment. Effective government, as Walter Lippmann wrote, cannot be conducted by legislators and officials who, when a question is presented, ask themselves first and last not what is the truth and which is the right and necessary course.问
7、题1选项A.traceB.tradeC.trackD.trap问题2选项A.withB.toC.forD.in问题3选项A.determinationB.conclusionC.decisionD.choice问题4选项A.fromB.byC.atD.about问题5选项A.admissionB.supportC.disagreementD.reaction问题6选项A.disputeB.disregardC.disrespectD.disrupt问题7选项A.continuesB.carries onC.embarksD.pursues问题8选项A.risksB.costsC.makesD.
8、endangers问题9选项A.efficiencyB.effectiveC.sufficientD.scarce问题10选项A.replacementB.substituteC.changeD.diversity【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:A第5题:B第6题:B第7题:D第8题:A第9题:D第10题:B【解析】31、【试题答案】C【试题解析】考查名词与词组辨析。A选项keep trace of“保留痕迹，跟踪”；B选项trade“贸易”；C选项keep track of“记录；与保持联系，明了”；D选项trap“陷阱，圈套”。由空格后“what the people are
9、 thinking”（人民的想法）可知与其对应的是了解，明了的意思。A、B、D在此处语义不符。因此C选项正确。32、【试题答案】D【试题解析】考查介词辨析。由空格前后语义可知这里指这些民调应该在多大程度上指导领导人的行动，在方面，使用介词in。A选项with“随着，由着”；B选项to“对于”；D选项for“给，对；为了”，在此处语义不符。因此D选项正确。33、【试题答案】C【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项determination“决心；果断”；B选项conclusion“结论”；C选项decision“决定”；D选项choice“选择”。由空格前“polls as the basis for
10、 policy”（民意作为政治的基础）可知与其对应的是决定，即将民调作为政治决定的基础。A选项一般指人决心做某事；B、D在此处语义不符。因此C选项正确。34、【试题答案】A【试题解析】考查介词辨析与前后逻辑关系。Far from意为“远离”，由空格前后语义可知这里指这些民调能帮助政治领导人避免与公众的想法偏离太远，从而提高政府的效率。因此A选项正确。35、【试题答案】B【试题解析】考查名词辨析与语义关系。A选项admission“承认”；B选项support“支持；帮助”；C选项disagreement“不一致；争论”；D选项reaction“反应，感应”。由空格前the effectives
11、 of a public policy depends on the extent of its public”（公共政策的有效性取决于其公众的程度）可知与其对应的是支持，即有效性取决于公众的支持程度。A、C、D在此处语义不符。因此B选项正确。36、【试题答案】B【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项dispute“辩论；争吵”；B选项disregard“忽视，无视”；C选项disrespect“无礼，失礼”；D选项disrupt“破坏；使瓦解”。由空格后“or”可知该空与undermined（破坏）是并列选择关系。A、C选项在此处语义不符；D选项意义也为破坏，与空格后语义重复，排除。因此B选项正确
12、。37、【试题答案】D【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项continues“继续，连续”；B选项carries on“开展；实行”；C选项embarks“上船（或飞机）”；D选项pursues“追求，从事”。由空格后“a course of action with which a large proportion of the public disagrees”（大部分公众不同意的行动方针）可知是采取大众不同意的方针，pursue有一种贬义的意义，即对应后文带来不好的影响。A、C选项在此处语义不符；B选项意义也为采取，实行，但多为褒义，即经过周密调查而实行的计划，排除。因此D选项正确。38、【试
13、题答案】A【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项risks“冒危险”；B选项costs“花费；使损失”；C选项makes“做，制作”；D选项endangers“危及；使遭到危险”。由空格后“loss of public confidence”（公众信心的丧失）可知是实行公众不同意的计划，是冒着失去公众信心的风险实行的，所以A选项与其语义相对应。B、C、D选项在此处语义不符，排除。因此A选项正确。39、【试题答案】D【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项efficiency“效率；效能；功效”为名词，此处需填入形容词，排除；B选项effective“有效的，起作用的”；C选项sufficient“足够的；
14、充分的”；D选项scarce“缺乏的，不足的”。由空格后“that had revealed the deep antagonism Americans still felt toward Iran because the Ayatollah Khomeinis regime had held three American hostages”（这显示出美国人对伊朗仍然怀有深深的敌意，因为阿亚图拉霍梅尼(Ayatollah Khomeini)的政权扣押了三名美国人质）可知是由于政府没有注意到民调显示出的美国人仍然对伊朗怀有深深的敌意，所以D选项与其语义相对应。A、B、C选项在此处语义不符，排除。
15、因此D选项正确。40、【试题答案】B【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项replacement“更换；复位”，一般与介词of以及by搭配使用；B选项substitute“代用品；代替者”，通常与介词of以及for搭配使用；C选项change“变化”；D选项diversity“多样性；差异”。由空格后介词“for”可知B选项与其语义相对应。A选项一般表示代替不与for搭配；C、D选项在此处语义不符，排除。因此B选项正确。2. 单选题Humans differ from other species（ ）we possess history as well as prehistory, hundreds and hundreds of diverse cultures and subcultures, and the possibility of informed, conscious choice.问题1选项A.granted thatB.such asC.inasmuch
