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1、绿色化利用低品位菱镁矿的实验研究Experimental Study of Ecological Utilization of low-grade Magnesite毕业设计（论文）任务书毕业设计（论文）题目：绿色化利用低品位菱镁矿的实验研究设计（论文）的基本内容：以低品位菱镁矿为原料制备MgCO33H2O和CaCO3，利用X射线衍射、红外光谱和扫描电子显微镜等现代检测手段对产物的成分进行表征，并将MgCO33H2O用于处理含Cu()重金属废水。研究煅烧温度、时间对煅烧产物的影响及反应温度、时间、NH4Cl加入量和液固比对镁溶解的影响，确定最佳工艺条件。研究MgCO33H2O的加入量对Cu()
2、沉淀率的影响。毕业设计（论文）专题部分：题目：绿色化利用低品位菱镁矿的实验研究设计或论文专题的基本内容：研究煅烧温度、时间对煅烧产物的影响及反应温度、时间、NH4Cl加入量和液固比对镁溶解的影响，确定制备MgCO33H2O和CaCO3的最佳工艺条件。利用X射线衍射、红外光谱和扫描电子显微镜等现代检测手段对产物的成分进行表征。研究MgCO33H2O的加入量对Cu()沉淀率的影响。学生接受毕业设计（论文）题目日期第周指导教师签字：2010年月日i 摘 要随着菱镁矿的不断开采，高品位矿储量越来越少，同时产生了大量低品位菱镁矿等废弃物，如不加以利用，不仅浪费资源，而且污染环境，因此低品位菱镁矿的利用已
3、势在必行。本课题以低品位菱镁矿为原料，研究MgCO33H2O和CaCO3的制备方法，并以MgCO33H2O为沉淀剂，通过化学反应方法处理含Cu()重金属废水，目的在于探索低品位菱镁矿及菱镁矿废弃矿综合利用的新途径；研究一种生产低成本CaCO3和MgCO33H2O的新方法。研究表明，采用1% 的MgCl2作为添加剂，与低品位菱镁矿在650混合煅烧2h，MgCO3的分解率为100%，CaCO3的分解率为4.03%，煅烧产物为CaCO3和MgO，达到钙和镁分离的效果。通过单因素实验确定了由煅烧产物浸出镁的最佳工艺条件为：反应温度为80，反应时间为60min，NH4Cl加入量为1.3倍，液固比为8，采
4、用二次浸出的方法；此时镁溶出率为92%，浸出残渣的主要成分为CaCO3，纯度为89.9%。用含MgCl2滤液与(NH4)2CO3反应制备MgCO33H2O，当反应温度为37，(NH4)2CO3加入量为1.5倍，陈化时间为2h时，MgCO33H2O的产率为55.66%，纯度为96.5%。(NH4)2CO3加入量对MgCO33H2O产率的影响大。在反应温度为常温，反应时间为30min，MgCO33H2O加入量为1倍的条件下，利用MgCO33H2O处理含Cu ()重金属废水时, Cu() 的沉淀率为100%，且MgCO33H2O加入量对Cu()沉淀率的影响不大。通过研究，开发出了一种生产低成本MgC
5、O33H2O和CaCO3的新方法，该方法的确立为低品位菱镁矿的综合利用探索出了一条新的途径。关键词：低品位菱镁矿，浸出，三水合碳酸镁，产率，重金属废水 AbstractWith the continued mining of magnesite, the reserve of high-grade magnesite become fewer and fewer, and a large number of wastes such as low-grade magnesite produced. This will cause not only the wasting of resources
6、, but also a serious environmental problems. Therefore, the comprehensive utilization of low-grade magnesite has been a problem to be solved urgently. In this study, with low-grade magnesite as raw material, the preparation of MgCO33H2O and CaCO3, as well as the chemical treatment of copper-bearing
7、heavy metal wastewater by using MgCO33H2O as precipitant was investigated, which aimed to explore the new ways of utilizing low-grade magnesite and a new method to produce low-cost MgCO33H2O and CaCO3.The results show that with MgCl2 as additive, the low-grade magnesite was calcined. The process con
8、ditions are: 650 for 2 h, and the addition of MgCl2 is 1%. Under these conditions, the decomposition rate of MgCO3 is 100%, while the decomposition rate of CaCO3 is 4.03%, the calcined products are mainly composed of CaCO3 and MgO, which has reach the effect of separating calcium and magnesium.The i
9、nfluences of process conditions on the dissolution rate of magnesium were investigated through single-factor experiment. The results showed that the optimal process conditions are: 80 for 60 min, the addition of NH4Cl is 1.3 times, and the ratio of liquid to solid is 8 through two-step leaching, the
10、n the dissolution rate of magnesium is 92%, leaching residues are mainly composed of CaCO3 with the purity is 89.9%.Precipitation of MgCO33H2O by the reaction of (NH4)2CO3 with filtered solution which contains MgCl2 was investigated, and the results showed that when reaction temperature is 37, the a
11、ddition of (NH4)2CO3 is 1.5 times, and aging time is 2h, the yield of MgCO33H2O is 55.66% with the purity is 96.5%, and the addition of (NH4)2CO3 is an important factor effect the yield of MgCO33H2O. The chemical treatment of copper-bearing heavy metal wastewater by using MgCO33H2O as precipitant wa
12、s investigated, when reaction temperature is room temperature, reaction time is 30 minutes, the addition of MgCO33H2O is 1 time, then the precipitation rate of Cu () obtained is 100 %, and in which the addition of MgCO33H2O has little effect on the precipitation rate of Cu ().A novel method to produ
13、ce low-cost MgCO33H2O and CaCO3 were developed by this study. The method was established as the comprehensive utilization of low grade magnesite explore a new way.Key words: low-grade magnesite, leaching, trihydrate magnesium carbonate, yield, heavy metal wastewater 目 录毕业设计（论文）任务书i摘 要iiAbstractiii第1
14、章 绪 论11.1菱镁矿资源的低品位化11.2镁化合物生产的研究现状21.2.1氧化镁的分类21.2.2国外氧化镁的生产方法31.2.3国内氧化镁生产方法41.3本研究的目的及意义91.4本研究的主要内容及其优点101.4.1本研究的主要内容101.4.2本研究工艺的优点10第2章 实验原理与方法122.1 实验原理122.1.1 低品位菱镁矿的煅烧122.1.2 煅烧产物中镁的溶出142.1.3镁的沉淀142.1.4 利用产物三水合碳酸镁处理含铜废水142.2 实验工艺流程142.3实验方案152.3.1实验原料152.3.2实验试剂及仪器162.3.3本实验所用的常规检测手段162.4 实
15、验方法172.4.1低品位菱镁矿的煅烧172.4.2煅烧产物中镁的溶出172.4.3 镁的沉淀172.4.4 三水合碳酸镁处理含铜废水17第3章 三水合碳酸镁的制备193.1低品位菱镁矿煅烧方式的选择193.1.1低品位菱镁矿的直接煅烧193.1.2低品位菱镁矿与氯化铵混合焙烧213.1.3低品位菱镁矿与添加剂混合煅烧233.2镁溶出的单因素实验253.2.1反应温度的影响253.2.2 NH4Cl加入量的影响263.2.3反应时间的影响273.2.4液固比的影响283.3镁的沉淀反应303.3.1 MgCO33H2O的表征313.3.2讨论34第4章 三水合碳酸镁的应用实例处理含铜废水38第5章 结论38参考文献39结束语42攻读学位期间参与的研究项目和研究成果.43附录44 第1章 绪 论随着经济的持续发展和社会的不断进步，人类对各种矿产资源的需求量越来越大，矿产资源进入快速消耗时期，优质矿产资源随之急
