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1、专业好文档工期缩短，费用增加施工组织主要研究对象是：施工过程中的时间问题、空间问题、资源问题（劳动力、材料、机具设备）、经济问题公路施工过程的组织原则：连续性原则、协调性原则、均衡性原则、经济性原则流水作业的特点：工程工期适中、工作面可充分利用，专业队施工连续、资源用量均衡。进度监理基本方法：横道图法、工程进度曲线、进度管理曲线、斜条图法、网络计划图法时间参数分类，分为：控制性时间参数、协调性时间参数。开始或完成时间均以（单位时间终了时刻）为计算标准工作的总时差：工作的总时差TF，是指在不影响任何一项紧后工作的最迟必须开工时间的条件下，工作所拥有的最大机动时间。如果工作的总时差TF=0，则工作
2、为无任何机动时间可供使用的关键时间。工作的局部时差FF（自由时差），是在不影响任何一项紧后工作最早可能开始时间的条件下，本工作所具有的最大机动时间。紧后节点为关键时，FF=TF使用工作的局部时差，对紧后工作的最早可能开始时间没有任何影响。连接关键工作自始至终的线路就是关键线路（连接注意：前后两关键工作有无时间间隔，若有，则不能连）K的意义是每缩短单位时间（一天）直接成本（费用）的变化率总成本（费用）最低时对应的时间就是网路计划的最优工期承包人提供的工程总体进度计划应反映什么内容：项目的合同工期（2）完成个单位工程及各施工阶段所需要的工期、最早开始和最晚完成时间（3）各单位工程及各施工阶段需要完
3、成的工程量及现金流动估算（4）各单位工程及各施工阶段所需配备的人力和机械数量（5）各单位工程或分部工程的施工方案和施工方法等。实际进度前锋先是网路计划技术中用时标网络图的形式动态发硬工程实际进度，是工程施工动态管理的科学方法。实际进度前锋线是指计划实施工程中某一时刻正在施工的各工作实际进度到达的连线。实际进度前锋线的标定方法：（1）按已完成的实际工程量标定（2）按尚需时间来标定工作发生延误有两种可能：（1）开工延误（2）工作持续时间增长关键线路的特性：（1）CP是有关工作路构成的线路（2）CP是网路图中最长的线路（3）CP可能有多条（4）CP是决定总工期的线路（5）延长CP工期肯定延长（6）缩
4、短CP工期可能缩短（7）CP随工期的压缩会发生变化和转移（8）关于非关键线路非关键线序的总时差用完，则会变成CP非关键线路的总时差用“过头”，则原关键线就会变成非关键线。直接费用的优化原则：（1）必须压缩关键工作的持续时间（2）应按大值从小到大的顺序进行压缩（3）压缩应以最短工期为限（4）要遵循关键线路压缩以后仍旧为关键线路的原则（5）压缩以“紧缩关键线路”为限的原则；压缩关键工作时间要注意的因素：（1）对质量、安全不产生影响的工作（2）费用增加最小的工作（3）有充足备用资源的工作（4）技术上容易实现的工作（5）持续时间较长，可以压缩天数多的工作；实际进度前锋线的功能：（1）描述进度（2）预测
5、进度（3）管理进度网路计划追求的是最短工期；流水作业追求的是流水作业；工期计算方法：（1）时参计算法（ET）（2）计算关键线路长度Winger Tuivasa-Sheck, who scored two tries in the Kiwis 20-18 semi-final win over England, has been passed fit after a lower-leg injury, while Slater has been named at full-back but is still recovering from a knee injury aggravated aga
6、inst USA.Both sides boast 100% records heading into the encounter but Australia have not conceded a try since Josh Charnleys effort in their first pool match against England on the opening day.Aussie winger Jarryd Hayne is the competitions top try scorer with nine, closely followed by Tuivasa-Sheck
7、with eight.But it is recently named Rugby League International Federation player of the year Sonny Bill Williams who has attracted the most interest in the tournament so far.The Kiwi - with a tournament high 17 offloads - has the chance of becoming the first player to win the World Cup in both rugby
8、 league and rugby union after triumphing with the All Blacks in 2011.Id give every award back in a heartbeat just to get across the line this weekend, said Williams.The (lack of) air up there Watch mCayman Islands-based Webb, the head of Fifas anti-racism taskforce, is in London for the Football Ass
9、ociations 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend Citys Premier League match at Chelsea on Sunday.I am going to be at the match tomorrow and I have asked to meet Yaya Toure, he told BBC Sport.For me its about how he felt and I would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience w
10、as.Uefa hasopened disciplinary proceedings against CSKAfor the racist behaviour of their fans duringCitys 2-1 win.Michel Platini, president of European footballs governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referees actions.CSKA said they were surprised and disappointed by To
11、ures complaint. In a statement the Russian side added: We found no racist insults from fans of CSKA. Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted.The supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunda.The weather plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have
12、to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 mi
13、les/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence.The balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000
14、 feet ( Then, I would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an Olympic diving platform.They blew it in 2008 when they got caught cold in the final and they will not make the same mistake against the Kiwis in Manchester.Five years ago they cruised through to the final and so far h
15、istory has repeated itself here - the last try they conceded was scored by Englands Josh Charnley in the opening game of the tournament.That could be classed as a weakness, a team under-cooked - but I have been impressed by the Kangaroos focus in their games since then.They have been concentrating o
16、n the sort of stuff that wins you tough, even contests - strong defence, especially on their own goal-line, completing sets and a good kick-chase. Theyve been great at all the unglamorous stuff that often goes unnoticed in the stands but not by your team-mates.It is as though their entire tournament has been preparation for the final.In Johnathan Thur
