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1、2022年考博英语-中国人民大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 写作题Write a note to your roommate Frank. Your note should contain about 80 English words. Remember that you are writing this note before leaving for Shanghai for three days. In your note, you should ask Frank to look after your pet dog Goofy while you are away. You
2、r note to Frank should include the following information.(a)You will fly to Shanghai in the evening(b)Apologize to Frank that you have to leave in a hurry(c)Ask Frank to look after Goofy(d)Tell Frank that the dog food is left in the store room(e)Remind Frank that Goofy does not like cold milk(f)Goof
3、y likes to take a walk in the evening(g)Let Frank know that you are grateful to him for looking after GoofyWrite your note to Frank on ANSWER SHEET II.【答案】Dear Frank,Im going to Shanghai this evening and I will stay there for 3 days. I should apologize that I have to leave so hastily. And Im very em
4、barrassed to ask you to help me look after my dog Goofy. By the way, I must remind you that you can easily find the dog food that I have left in the store room. Oh, Goofy dont like cold milk very much, so please dont forget to heat the milk for him. Besides, he likes taking a walk in the evening. Th
5、ank you very much for helping me.Yours Sincerely,2. 单选题Adam Smith, writing in the 1770s, was the first person to see the importance of the division of labor and to explain part of its advantages. He gives as an example the process by which pins were made in England.“One man draws out the wire; anoth
6、er strengthens it; a third cuts it; a fourth points it; a fifth grinds it at the top to prepare it to receive the head. To make the head requires two or three operations. To put it on is a separate operation, to polish the pins is another. And the important business of making pins is, in this manner
7、, divided into about eighteen operations, which in some factories are all performed by different people, though in others the same man will sometimes perform two or three of them.”Ten men, Smith said, in this way, turned out twelve pounds of pins a day or about 4, 800 pins per worker. But if all of
8、them had worked separately and independently without division of labor, none of them could have made twenty pins in a day and perhaps not even one.There can be no doubt that division of labor is an efficient way of organizing work. Fewer people can make more pins. Adam Smith saw this but he also too
9、k it for granted that division of labor is in itself responsible for economic growth and development and that it accounts for the difference between expanding economies and those that stand still. But division of labor adds nothing new; it only enables people to produce more of what they already hav
10、e.1.According to the passage, Adam Smith was the first person to （ ）.2.Adam Smith saw that the division of labor （ ）.3.Adam Smith mentioned the number 4,800 in order to （ ）.4.According to the writer, Adam Smiths mistake was in believing that division of labor （ ） .5.Which of the following could serv
11、e as an appropriate title for the passage?问题1选项A.take advantage of the division of laborB.introduce the division of labor into EnglandC.understand the effects of the division of laborD.explain the causes of the division of labor问题2选项A.enabled each worker to make pins more quickly and more cheaplyB.i
12、ncreased the possible output per workerC.increased the number of people employed in factoriesD.improved the quality of pins produced问题3选项A.show the advantages of the division of laborB.show the advantages of the old craft systemC.emphasize how powerful the individual worker wasD.emphasize the import
13、ance of increased production问题4选项A.was an efficient way of organizing workB.was an important development in methods of productionC.certainly led to economic developmentD.increased the production of existing goods问题5选项A.Adam Smith, the English EconomistB.The Theory of Division of LaborC.Division of L
14、abor, an Efficient Way of Organizing WorkD.Adam Smith, the Last Discoverer of Division of Labor【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A第4题:C第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段第一句可知，Adam Smith是第一个认识到劳动分工的重要性并解释其部分优势的人。选项 C符合原文。2.细节推断题。根据最后一段第二句“Fewer people can make more pins.”可知，劳动分工增加了每个工人尽可能多的产量，所以选项B正确。3.细节推断题。根据第三段的内容可知，如果没有进行分工
15、，没有工人能在一天内完成二十枚别针，甚至连一枚都做不成，而通过分工合作，相当于每个工人生产4800枚别针，作者是想通过这一数字来说明分工的优势。选项A正确。4.细节推断题。最后一段第三句“Adam Smith saw this but he also took it for granted that division of labor is in itself responsible for economic growth and development.”但他也理所当然地认为，劳动分工本质上对经济增长和发展负责。选项C符合原文。5.主旨题。结合全文内容可知，本文主要讲的是劳动分工，重点不是在于Adam Smith也不是讲述理论，所以选项C最能概括全文。3. 单选题Our journey was slow because the train stopped （ ）at different villages.问题1选项A.graduallyB.continuouslyC.constantlyD.continually【答案】D【解析】副词词义辨析。gradually逐渐地；continuously连续不断地；constantly不断地，时常地；continually不断
