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1、过去分词作状语 【观察1】观察下列句子中的过去分词在句中做什么成分呢？（1）Heated, water changes into steam. ( 2 )Given more time, we could do it much better. ( 3 )Seriously injured,he had to be taken to the hospital. ( 4 )Beaten by the enemy, he still kept on fighting. ( 5 )She walked out of the house,followed by her little daughter.
2、( 6 )The glass fell on to the ground, broken into pieces. 【归纳1】句（1）至（6）的过去分词短语分别表示动作的 、 、 、 、 和 。还可以发现作状语的表示 、 、 、和 的过去分词短语大多数放在 ，但作状语的表示 和 的过去分词短语放在句子的 。【观察2】你能从下列例句中总结出过去分词作状语的使用规律吗？（1）Seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful.=When it is seen from the hill,the park looks very beautiful.（2
3、）Compared with you,we still have a long way to go.=If we are compared with you,we still have a long way to go.（3）Greatly touched by his teachers words,the boy did a lot of things to help his classmates.=Because he was greatly touched by his teachers words, the boy did a lot of things to help his cla
4、ssmates.= He was greatly touched by his teachers words, so the boy did a lot of things to help his classmates.（4）Laughed at by the other students, she still tried to answer the question again.=Though she was laughed at by the other students, she still tried to answer the question again.= She was lau
5、ghed at by the other students, but she still tried to answer the question again.（5）The teacher entered the classroom, followed by a group of his students.= The teacher entered the classroom and he was followed by a group of his students.【归纳2】从以上的例句中可以看出：1.过去分词短语作 ，相当于when引导的 从句，见例（1）。2.过去分词短语作 ，相当于i
6、f,unless引导的 从句，见例（2）。3.过去分词短语作 ，相当于because,as,since引导的 从句，或改写成so连接的并列句见例（3）。4.过去分词短语作 ，相当于although,though引导的 从句，或改写成but连接的并列句见例（4）。5.过去分词短语作 ，可以改写成and连接的并列句，见例（5）。【实践1】：请你尝试把观察1中的6个句子改写成状语从句或并列句。1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 【观察3】请你仔细观察下列三个句子，它们与上述例句有何不同？Dont do it unless asked.=Dont do it unless asked.( 2 )If
7、caught cheating,the student would be punished.= If he(she) is caught cheating,the student would be punished.( 3 )Even if invited,I wont go.= Even if I am invited,I wont go.【归纳3】有时为了表明是作何种状语，当从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，常将从句中的 省去，只留下从属连词和过去分词（短语）。常这样用的从属连词有：if ,though,unless,unless,until,when,while,as if,even if,
8、once,whenever等。【实践2】请你尝试把下列句子改写成从属连词后接过去分词（短语）作状语的结构。1.When the boy was asked why he came here,he kept silent.2.Once it is seen,it can never be forgotten.3.Though Dr.Black was caught in a traffic jam,he managed to get to work on time this morning.4.If you are trapped in a burning building,you should
9、 send for help in no time.5.Dont speak until you are spoken to.【观察4】请你仔细观察下列两个句子，你能说出过去分词（done）与现在分词完成被动式(having been done)在句中作状语有何不同吗？(1) Deeply moved by the movie,the children began to cry.(2) Having been shown around the library,we were shown around the lab.【归纳4】过去分词（done）与现在分词完成被动式(having been d
10、one)在句中作状语的辨析：过去分词作状语侧重的是 ，即不强调动作在时间的先后；现在分词的完成被动式侧重的是 ，既强调动作在时间的先后。【观察5】选用分词作状语时，何时用现在分词，何时用过去分词呢？（1） Seeing nobody at home,I had to leave.（2） Seen from the hill,our school is more beautiful.【归纳5】选用分词作状语时,首先要弄清句子主语和分词之间的逻辑关系，如果句子的主语（分词的逻辑主语）与分词构成 关系，则用现在分词作状语，表 ; 如果句子的主语（分词的逻辑主语）与分词构成 关系，则用过去分词作状语，
11、表 。【重点提示1】过去分词做状语时，其逻辑主语一般情况下通常是句子的主语。但是，过去分词的逻辑主语若不是句子的主语时，通常会将逻辑主语保留。这种结构中过去分词带有自己的逻辑主语。这种现象叫分词的独立结构。只用来做状语表示时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随情况。The table set, they began to have lunch. 桌子摆好后，他们开始吃午饭。（表时间）All his money gone, he began to look for a job. 所有的钱用光了，他就开始找工作。（表原因）All things considered, the meeting had to b
12、e put off. 如果全面考虑，会议不得不推迟。（表条件）He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head. 他躺在草地上，头枕着双手。（表方式）He rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat.他满脸是汗地跑进屋里。（表伴随）【重点提示2】过去分词的独立结构在较口语的问题中还可以用“with/without+名词/代词+过去分词”的结构代替，通常也是表示时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随情况等。例如：With the experiments carried out ,we started new studies.实验一做完，我们就开始心得研究。（表时间）With my sister gone, there was nobody to help the old woman.我姐姐一走，就没有人帮助那位老大娘了。（表原因）The old gentleman was walking, with his arms folded across his chest. 那位老人在散步，双臂交叉放在胸前。（表方式）Henry left the classroom, without a word spoken. 亨利一句话也没有说就离开了教室。（表伴随）
