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1、2022年考博英语-南昌大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题Humidity is so intense in some parts of the tropics that Europeans find that they are unable to _ it.问题1选项A.maintainB.persistC.endureD.sustain【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。maintain “维持”；persist “坚持；持续”；endure “忍耐，容忍”；sustain “维持，支撑”。句意：热带部分地区的湿度过于强烈以至于很多欧洲人难以忍受。选项C符合题意。2. 单选
2、题Sometimes patients suffering from severe pain can be helped by “drugs” that arent really drugs at all _ sugar pills that contain no active chemical elements.问题1选项A.or ratherB.rather thanC.other thanD.but rather【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。or rather “倒不如说”；rather than “而不是”；other than“除了，不同于”；but rather “而是”。句意：
3、有时候帮助病人缓解疼痛的药物并不是真正的药物而是一些不含活性化学元素的糖丸。选项D符合题意。3. 单选题You cannot ignorance as your excuse; you should have known what was happening all along.问题1选项A.refer toB.defendC.pleadD.persist in【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。refer to “参考，涉及”；defend “辩护；防护”；plead “借口”；persist in “坚持；固执于”。句意：你不能拿无知当借口；你本就应该知道发生了什么事情。4. 单选题Bil
4、l Gates is not the only American entrepreneur with business plan to save the world. D.There are thousands. Consider Steve Kirsch, who had just turned 35 when he had eveiything everything he could want. Adobe, the software giant, had just purchased one of his startups, Eframe., The sale made Kirsch v
5、ery rich, with a share in a private jet, an estate in Californias Los Altos Hills and a burning question: what to do with the rest of a $50 million fortune? After a few years of doling out money to traditional charitieshis alma mater, the United WayKirsch got ambitious. He set up his own foundation
6、to benefit “everyone”, funding research on everything from cancer to near-earth objects. “It is guaranteed that we will be hit by an asteroid sometime in the future,，” perhaps “before we end this phone conversation.” Kirsch explains. “It would cost several billion lives, and we can save those lives
7、for $50 million, which is less than the cost of a private jet. I call it enlightened self-interest.”American philanthropy isnt what it used to be. Gone are the days when old money was doled out by bureaucrats from mahogany -paneled rooms. More people are giving out more money than ever before, at mu
8、ch younger ages, and to a much wider variety of causes. In 1980s, Ronald Reagans call for private charity to replace government largesse was greeted with hoots of liberal derision and an outbreak of giving. The number of private foundations rose from 22, 000 in 1980 to 55,000 today. They now dole ou
9、t about $23.3 billion a year, a 700 percent increase since 1980. And many are the offspring of capitalists, who bring the language of business to charity. Vanessa Kirsch, president and founder of the entrepreneurial charity New Profit Inc., says, “Theres this new breed of social entrepreneurs coming
10、 out of Harvard Business School or failed dot-coms, and theyre saying, I want to make big things happen.”Their outlook is increasingly global, in the Gates mold. D.The share of funding that the 1,000 largest foundations devote to interactional causes jumped from 11.3 percent in 1999 to 16.3 percent
11、in 2000. And while the U. S, government is often criticized for stingy foreign aid (well under 1 percent of GNP each year), the same cant be said of private donors, who now give away 2.1 percent of U. S. GNP each year. “No nation comes even remotely close to the U. S. on these things,” says Scott Wa
12、lker of the Philanthropy Roundtable. “If youre in Sweden or France, its something the government is supposed to do. If you were in England, it is the nobility. Americans dont think its enough to say, I gave at the office with taxes.”To be sure, business and philanthropy are old bedfellows in the Uni
13、ted States. The Rockefellers, the Carnegies and the Fords set the mold. D.But many were what Mark Dowie, author of “American Foundations: An Investigative History,，” calls “s. o. b. B.s” patrons of “symphonies, operas, ballets,” and “museums and hospitals where rich people go to die.” The new founda
14、tions are more like “quasi-public trusts progressive institutions of change,” argues Dowie.The new movers and shakers of American charity are more likely to be flashy TV titans like Ted Turner. The story of how Turner gave away a billion is a founding legend of this class. In a cab on his way to mak
15、e a speech at the United Nations, the cable titan, sick of official U. S. reluctance to pay U.N. dues, decided to pony up I$1 billion himself. This shamed Washington and inspired imitators. “It is a lot more personality-oriented in this culture of new wealth.,” says Ellen Dadisman, vice president of
16、 the Council on Foundations. “Its sort of like wealth meets People magazine.”In Silicon Valley, the new fashion is called “venture philanthropy”, According to one survey,83 percent of valley households give to charity, compared with 69 percent nationally. But they prefer to “invest”, not “give”. And to attract “in
