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1、名词性从句专题【知识要点】一、在句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句，它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。如： Whether he will come here or not is unimportant to me（.主语从句）I don t know what he means（宾.语从句）I m glad that you are here（宾.语从句用在形容词之后）The teacher is satisfied with what you have done（.介词宾语从句）That was because he was ill（.表语从句）The news that he
2、 got killed in the race surprised us all（.同位语从句）二、引导名词性从句的连接词连接词词义功能that无词义不作成分，只起连接作用whether/if是否不作成分，起连接作用what,which什么，哪个作主语、宾语、表语who,whom,whose谁，谁的作主语、宾语、定语when,where,how,why什么时候 /地方，怎么作状语样，为什么how many/much多少作定语how多久，多久一次，多长，作状语soon/often/long/much多么.词义及功能同疑问词whatever=anything that无论什么作主语、宾语、表语、定
3、语whosever=anyone whose无论谁的作主语、宾语、定语、表语whichever=anything that无论哪个作宾语、定语、主语、表语whoever=anyone who无论谁作主语whomever=anyone无论谁作宾语whom1.that 引导的从句如果作介词宾语只可用在except，in ， but ，besides 等少数介词后。I could say nothing but that I m sorry.that 引导的从句可作it 的同位语从句。如：You may depend upon it that all the goods will be delive
4、red in time.2.that 引导宾语从句时可省略；引导其他名词性从句时，一般不省略，特别是引导主语从句且位于句首时。 如：That the earth is round is true.The fact that he is a thief got around.注意：下面一句中，第一个that 可省略，第二个that 不可省略：He said（that） he had been working here for ten years and that he wanted to go home.3.whether 与 if 引导名词性从句时的区别。（1）在引导宾语从句时whether
5、与 if 可互换，但如果和or not 连用则只用 whether。如：I don t know whether or not he can stay here longer.（2）如果宾语从句是否定结构，则用if 而不用 whether 引导。如：He asked me if I wasn t going there.（3）介词宾语从句只能用whether 引导。如：I m not interested in whether he is rich.（4）引导主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句一般多用whether 。如：The question is whether you can do it
6、yourself. The question whether he will come here himself isn t decided yet.Whether it will do us harm or good remains to be seen.（5）用 it 作形式主语时， whether 或 if 都可以引导主语从句。如：It is not clear to me whether/if he likes the present.4.注意 what/whatever ；who/whoever ；which/whichever 的区别。试比较下列句子：Whoever will go
7、 to the concert please signs your name here.=Anyone who will go to the concert please signs your name here.Who will go to the concert isn t knownown.=It whoswillunkngo to the concert.He won t believe whatever she says.=No matter what she says，he won t believe her.Whichhever toy you want is yours.=No
8、 matter which toy you want，it is yours.5.注意 how long/how soon/how often/how much的区别。How long will he stay here?他将在这里待多久？How soon can you be ready?你多久能准备好？How often do you visit her?你多长时间去探望她一次？How much is that dress?那件衣服多少钱？6.当主句谓语动词表示不肯定或怀疑时，宾语从句用 whether/if 引导；表示有把握时用that引导。 如：I doubt whether/if h
9、e can win the match.I don t doubt that he canwi the match.7.what与 that在引导主语从句时的区别:what引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语、宾语、表语，而that则不然。 如：What you said yesterday is right.That she is still alive is a fact.一、主语从句主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it 代替，而本身放在句子末尾。1、 it 作形式主语和 it 引导强调句的比较it 作形式主语代替主语从句， 主要是为了平衡句子
10、结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化 。而 it 引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调， 无论强调的是什么成分， 都可用连词 that。被强调部分指人时也可用 who/whom。如：It is a pity that you didn t go to see你没the去看film那场.电影真是遗憾。It doesn t interest me whether you succeed or你not成功.与否对我没有什么吸引力。2.用 it 作形式主语的结构1) It is 名词从句It is a fact that .事实是It is an honor that.非常荣幸It is common k
11、nowledge that.是常 识2) it is 形容词从句3) it is 不及物动词从句4) it 过去分词从句It is reported that.据报道It has been proved that.已证实It is said that据说.It is believed that.据相信3.主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况1) if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。2) It is said ， (reported).结构中的主语从句不可提前。如：据说江主席下周要来我校视察。It is said that President Jiang will visit our school
12、 next week.(right)That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said.(wrong)3)It happens.， It occurs. 结构中的主语从句不可提前。如：他考试没及格。It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.(right)That he failed in the examination occurred to him.(wrong)4)It doesn t matter how/whether结构.中的主语从句不可提前。如：他是
13、不是错了，这一点不重要。It doesn t matter whether he is wrong or not.(right)Whether he is wrong or not doesn t matter.(wrong)5)含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。如：傍晚有可能下雨吗？Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? (right)Is that will rain in the evening likely? (wrong)4.what 与 that 在引导主语从句时的区别what 引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语、宾语、表语，而that 则不然。如：What you said yesterday is right. 你昨天说的是对的。二、宾语从句宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。1.作动词的宾语1)由 that 引导的宾语从句（ that 通常可以省略） ,如：I heard that he joined the army. 我听说他参军了。2)由 what，whether (if) 引导的宾语从句，如：S
