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1、-英语常用修辞1.Simile 明喻明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作比照.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性。或者说是以两种具有一样特征的事物和现象进展比照，说明本体和喻体之间的相似关系，两者都在比照中出现。标志词常用 like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等. It is a figure of speech which makes a parison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic in mon. T
2、o make the parison, words like as, as.as, as if and like are used to transfer the quality we associate with one to the other.例如:1.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow.2.I wandered lonely as c cloud.3.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy
3、 tale.4.This elephant is like a snake as anybody can see. 这头象和任何人见到的一样像一条蛇。5.He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairytales and had passed me like a spirit. 他看上去好似刚从我的童话故事书中走出来，像幽灵一样从我身旁走过去。6.It has long leaves that sway in the wind like slim fingers reaching to touch something. 它那
4、长长的叶子在风中摆动，好似伸出纤细的手指去触摸什么东西似的。7.Carlos Lehder was to cocaine transportation what Henry Ford was to cars.2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻隐喻是将*一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比拟形成。这种比喻不通过比喻词进展，而是直接将用事物当作乙事物来描写，甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。It is like a simile, also makes a parison between two unlike elements, but unlike a simile, this parison
5、is implied rather than stated. For e*ample, the world is a stage.例如:1.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper.2.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.3.German guns and German planes rained down bombs, shells and bullets. 德国人的枪炮和飞机将炸弹、炮弹和子弹像暴雨一
6、样倾泻下来。4.The diamond department was the heart and center of the store. 钻石部是商店的心脏和核心。5.All the worlds a stage, and all the men and women merely players.6.Money is a bottomless sea, in which honor, conscience, and truth may be drowned.7.Time is a river, of which memory is the water. Oh my friend, what
7、I scoop up from the river is all yearning of you.3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻3. 借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称。指两种不同事物并不相似，但又密不可分，因而常用其中一种事物名称代替另一种。就是借用甲来表示乙，但前提条件是甲必须与乙关系密切和本质上有相似之处It is a figure of speech that has to do with the substitution of the mane of one thing for that of another. 1.以容器代替内容,例如:The kettle
8、 boils. 水开了.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着.2.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如:Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说.3.以作者代替作品,例如:a plete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集4.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如:I had the muscle, and they made money out of it.我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱.5.Several years later, word came that Napoleonyh himself was ing to inspect them. 几年以后，
9、他们听说拿破仑要亲自来视察他们。 word在这里代替了news, information消息、信息 6.Al spoke with his eyes,yes. 艾尔用眼睛说，是的。 说应该是嘴的功能，这里实际上是用眼神表达了说话的意思。 7.A doctor mmust have the heart of a lion and the hand of a lady.8.She was to be sure a girl, who e*cited the emoions, but I was not the one to let my heart rule my head.4.Synecdoch
10、e 提喻提喻用局部代替全体,或用全体代替局部,或特殊代替一般一般代替特殊.又称举隅法，举隅指举一反三之意，具有牵一发而动全身之功能。主要特点是局部代表全体，或以全体喻指局部，或以抽象代具体，或以具体代抽象。它往往因微见著，在提到*人或*物时，不直呼其名，与其密不可分的东西来代替。It is involves the substitution of the part for the whole, or the whole for the part.例如:1.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.他的厂里约有100名工人.2.He is
11、the Newton of this century.他是本世纪的牛顿.3.The fo* goes very well with your cap.这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配.4.The Great Wall was made not only of stones and earth, but of the flesh andblood of millions of men. 长城不仅是用石头和土建造的，而且是用几百万人的血和肉建成的。句中的the flesh and blood喻为the great sacrifice巨大的牺牲5.saying that it was the most b
12、eautiful tongue in the world 他说这是世界上最美的语言。这里用具体的tongue代替抽象的language。6.Many eyes turned to a tall,20year black girl on the U.S. team. 很多人将眼光投向美国队一个高高的20岁的黑姑娘.many eyes代替了many persons。转喻、提喻、换称三种修辞手法的比照一 转喻Metonymy的定义与用法：1. 定义：用*一事物的名称代替另一事物的名称的修辞手法叫做转喻或借代。这两种事物之间有着密切相关的联系。(A metonymy is a figure of sp
13、eech that has to do with the substitution of the name of one thing for that of another with which it is closely associated.) 2. 用法：转喻通常用以下几种方式指代： 根据人名或商品品牌名：Uncle Sam山姆大叔 Americans or the American government美国人/美国政府John Bull约翰牛the English nation or a typical Englishman英国/地道英国人He is reading Shakespea
14、re.他在读莎士比亚作品。Ss works用作者指代作品He went in debt just to keep up with the Joneses. 他为了与邻里攀比而负债。neighbours用琼斯家指代邻里We drove a Ford to Hyde Park. 我们驾驶一辆福特牌小轿车到海德公园去。a car whose make is Ford用品牌名指代实物 根据实物名称：Finally she married money. 她最终嫁给了有钱人a rich man用钱指代有钱人I live near an airport and passing planes can be h
15、eard night and day. 我住在飞机场附近，日夜可以听到过往的飞机声。the noise made by passing planes 用过往的飞机指代噪音 根据动植物名称：the big apple大苹果 New York city纽约市Russian bear俄国熊 Russians or the Russian government俄国人/俄国政府British lion英国狮 England or the English government英国/英国政府The flower of the nation was sent off to war. 该国的壮小伙子都被送去打仗了。the strong young menthe flower通常用来指代精英、精华等。在句中，它被用来指代壮小伙子。 根据工具名：When the war was over, he laid down the sword and took up the pen.arms writing战争完毕后，他放下武器，从事写作。The pen is mightier than the sword. 文章胜武力books and wr
