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1、金陵科技学院学士学位论文 外文参考资料及译文毕 业 设 计（论 文）外 文 参 考 资 料 及 译 文宋体1号字体加粗居中译文题目： 乡村旅游定义及影响因素小四号宋体 学生姓名： 马倩倩 学 号： 专 业： 旅游管理宋体小四号，准确的专业名称，民办不用加“M” 所在学院： 人文学院（民办为“龙蟠学院”） 指导教师： XXX 职 称三号宋体，加粗： XXX 201X年XX月XX日日期设定为该专业毕业设计（论文）工作计划中学生提交译文截止时间的前两天，黑体三号字体居中1原文：The definition and influence factors of rural tourism标题小二居中，Ti
2、mes New Roman，版面上空2.5cm，下空2cm，左空2.5cm，右空2cmThis article introduces the definition and connotation of rural tourism, the role that rural tourism played in the process of economic development and the factors which influence rural tourism.Generally, rural tourism is tourism that takes place in the coun
3、tryside. It is defined as a demand for touristic use of a rural area (Gartner, 2004, p. 153). Oppermann (1996) defines rural tourism as tourism occurring in a non-urban territory where human activity is occurring, primarily agriculture; a permanent human presence seems a qualifying requirement (p. 8
4、8). For example, bed and breakfasts vacations, recreation trail networks, and harvest festivals, are all sources of rural tourism that can be found in s小四号Times New Roman字体，首行空两字符，采取两端对齐方式， 1.5倍行距，备注：如果有一级标题，三号左对齐，Times New Romanmall towns. Oppermann (1996) emphasizes that the type of accommodations
5、 used by rural tourists is one key aspect in differentiating rural tourism from other types of tourism.Lane (1994) suggests that rural tourism exists as a concept, and reflects the differing and complex pattern of rural environment, economy, history and location. Rural tourism is directly related to
6、 the particular characteristics of rural areas, and it is assumed that the principal motivation for visiting the countryside is to experience its rurality. This motivation justifies the definition of rural tourism as an identifiable type of tourism, with rural tourism being an end onto itself一to exp
7、erience the countryside.Considering the demand and supply of rural tourism, it can be defined more specifically. Demand-side rural tourism is based on the nature of the visitor and is defined as a visit by a person to any place other than his or her usual work or home environment and that is outside
8、 a Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area (Greffe, 1994, p. 23). On the other hand, supply-side rural tourism is more focused on a visitors place of stay. Rural tourism is also associated with a particular form of accommodation that offers tourist opportunities to participate in farm-related activit
9、ies, such as vegetable gardening or caring for animals.Lobo (2001)defines rural tourism as recreational experience involving visits to rural settings or rural environments for the purpose of participating in or experiencing activities, events or attractions not readily available in urbanized areas.
10、These may not necessarily be agricultural in nature. Rural tourist activities might include a country-side tour; purchasing honey from a local farm; or visits orchards, cheese factories greenhouses, pumpkin patches, road-side fruit and vegetable stands, nurseries, etc. Rural tourism can also include
11、 activities such as: participating in fall color tours; fishing I local streams, rivers, or lakes; visiting a maple sugaring house in the spring; taking photographs of beautiful scenery; painting the landscape; hiking a trail; or visiting abandoned rail lines, conservation area, or local, state, or
12、national park. Persons who participate in these and similar activities are participating in various forms of rural tourism (Buck, 2004).The concept of rural tourism has evolved substantially in recent years. One aspect of this change is reflected in the vocabulary used to describe various types of r
13、ural tourism activities. For example, some studies refer to outdoor-based tourism as ecotourism, while other publications use the term nature-based tourism or green tourism (Stancliffe, 1992). Although these two terms are not technically synonymous; the term ecotourism suggests activities that promo
14、te conservation of nature, while nature-based tourism is evocative of a broader spectrum of outdoor-based recreation including hunting, fishing, camping, and the use of recreational vehicles. These new terms reflect new perspectives in the tourism industry.The definition of rural tourism varies betw
15、een countries reflecting the specific types and characteristics of rural tourism within each country. For example, in Israel country vacations center on bed and breakfasts, while tourists participate in agri- tourism in Italy, farm tourism in Korea, and green tourism in Japan (Fleischer& Pizam, 1997; Park, Ryu,&Lee, 2001;Arahi, 1998). Rural tourism is a multi-faceted activity: it is not just farm-based tourism (Alexander, Kumar,&Day, 1998). It includes farm-based holidays but also comprises s
