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1、翻译P.1The voltage across a pure inductor is defined by Faradaylaw,which states that the voltage across the inductor is proportional to the rate of change with time of the current through the inductor.thus we have U=Ldi/dt.纯电感电压由法拉第定律定义，法拉第定律指出：电感两端的电压正比于流过电感的电流随时间的变化率。因此可得到：U=Ldi/dt 式中 di/dt = 电流变化率，
2、 安培/秒； L = 感应系数， 享利。P.3A three-phase electric circuit is energized by three alternating emfs of the same frequency and differing in time phase by 120 electrical degrees .三相电压的产生三相电路可由三个频率相同在时间相位上相差120电角度的电动势供电。P.9One problem with electronic devices corresponding to the generalized amplifiers is that
3、 the gains,AU or AI ,depend upon internal properties of two-port system( ).This makes design difficult since these parameters usually vary from device to device ,as well as temperature .运算放大器像广义放大器这样的电子器件存在的一个问题就是它们的增益AU或AI取决于双端口系统(m、b、RI、Ro等)的内部特性。器件之间参数的分散性和温度漂移给设计工作增加了难度。P.31However, the disadvan
4、tage is that they generate harmonics in the utility system creating a power quality problem for other consumers.Besides thyristor converters constitute a low lagging power factor load on tha utility system.但是，它们的缺点是在电力系统中产生谐波，对其他用户产生供电质量问题。此外，晶闸管变换器给电力系统提供了一个滞后的低功率因数负载。P.32Inverter is a device which
5、 receives DC voltage at one side and converts it to AC voltage on the other side逆变器是从一侧接受直流电压，在另一侧将其转换成交流电压的装置。 .Inverter can be classified voltage-fed inverter and current-fed inverter.逆变器可分成电压源型和电流源型两种。P.36The permanent-magnet motor has several advantages over convertional types of DC motors.One a
6、dvantage is reduced operational cost.The speed characteristics of the permanent-magnet motor are similar to those of the shunt-wound DC motor.The direction fo rotation of a permanent-magnet moror can be reversed by reversing the twopower lines.永磁电机相对于常规直流电机有几个优点。优点之一是减少了运行损耗。永磁电机的转速特性类似于并励式直流电机的转速特性
7、。永磁电机的旋转方向可通过将电源线反接来实现P40A signal proportional to the motor speed is obtained from the speed sensor.The speed sensor output is filtered to remove the AC ripple and compared with the speed reference. The speed error is processed through a speed controller.The output of the speed controller UC adjusts
8、 the rectifier firing angle A to make the actual speed close to the reference speed.正比于电机速度的信号可从速度传感器获得。速度传感器的输出滤除交流波，并与速度参考值比较，速度误差被速度控制器处理，速度控制器的输出uc调整整流器的触发角，以使实际的速度接近于参考速度。P.45In a wound-rotor machine,the rotor wingding si similar to that of the stator,but in a cage machine ,the rotor has a squi
9、rrel cage-like structure with shorted end rings.对绕线式转子电机而言，转子绕组与定子绕组类似，但鼠笼式电机的转子具有鼠笼状结构，并且有两个短路环。With the system transfer funcion known, the Routh-Hurwitz criterion willTell us whether or not a system is stable .If it is stable ,the steady-state accuracy can be determined for various types of inputs
10、.如果已知系统的传递函数，劳斯-胡尔维茨判据会告诉我们系统是否稳定。如果系统稳定，可以确定各种类型输入时系统的稳态精度P.87There are as many as locus branches as there open-loop poles.A branch srtarts,for K=0,at each open-loop pole.As K is increased ,the closed-loop pole positions trace out loci,which end,for K at the open-loop zeros.根轨迹的分支数等于开环极点数。当K=0时，分支起
11、始于每一个开环极点。随着K值的增加，闭环极点位置绘出根轨迹，当K时，根轨迹终止于开环零点。P.107The transition from simple approximate modles,which are easy to work with,to more realistic models produces two effects. First, a larger number of variables must be included in the model .Second ,a more realistic model is more likely to contain nonli
12、nearities and time-varying parameters.从易于处理的简单近似模型到实际一些的模型的转换产生了两种作用（存在着两个方面的问题）。第一，大量的变量必须包含在模型中。第二，更实际的模型更容易包含非线性和时变参数。 P.133The memory of a computer consists of a set of sequentially numbered locations.Each location is a register in which binary information can be stored.The “number”of a location
13、 is called its address.The lowest address is 0.计算机的内存由一组连续编号的单元构成。每一个单元都是一个存储二进制信息的寄存器。单元的编号称为其地址。最低的地址为0。P.135The CPUs job is to fetch instructions from memory and execute these instructions.The structure of the CPU is shown in Fig.3-1A-3.It has four main components:an arithmetic and logical unit(A
14、LU),a set of registers,an internal processor bus and controller CPU的工作是从存储器中取回指令并执行。它有四个主要部件：算术逻辑单元，一系列存储器，一个内部处理器总线和控制器.P.163These two types of architecture are found in single-chip microcomputers.Some employ the split program/data memory of the Harvard architecture,shown in Fig.3-4A-1.others follo
15、w the philosophy,widely adopted for general-purpose computers and microprocessors,of making nological distinction between program and data memory as in the Princeton architecture,shown in Fig-3-4A-2.单片机有这样两种结构类型。一些使用了哈佛结构的分离的程序/数据存储器，如图3-4A-1所示。另一些被通用计算机和微处理器广泛采用的是普林斯顿结构，遵循在程序存储器与数据存储器之间没有逻辑区别的原理，如图
16、3-4A-2所示。In general terms a single-chip microcomputer is characterized by the incorporation of all the uints of a computer into a single device,as shown in Fig.3-4A-3.概括地讲，单片机的特征是将计算机的所有部件都合并到一个单一的装置上,如图3-4A-3.所示。P.164RAM is for the storage of working variables and data used during program execution. RAM是用于程序执行过程中对工作变量和数据的存储P.166 digtital Signal Processor is a supe
