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1、2022年考博英语-中国人民大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Everyone in America these days seems to be（ ）with his or her physical fitness, and everyone is talking about getting in shape.问题1选项A.concernedB.alluredC.connectedD.attracted【答案】A【解析】固定搭配。be concerned with指涉及，关心。根据句意可知这里指如今的美国人关心自己的健康，选项A符合句意。2. 单选题“Two hundred
2、eight million, two hundred nine million, two hundred ten million.” That is the sound of solid waste hitting the bottom of garbage cans all over United States in 1996. Solid wastes are materials that are discarded or thrown away after use by consumers and businesses. This does not include fluid mater
3、ials. During that year, Americans threw away 210 million tons (about 43 pounds/20 kilograms per person daily) of garbage. We throw away 12. 4 million tons of glass and about 80 million tons of paper products. America also throws away large amounts (in tons) of food scraps, yard wastes, plastics, slu
4、dge from sewage treatment plants, and other materials. That is almost a mountain of garbage.Even though we make an effort to recycle and compost our solid waste, the amount of waste keeps increasing each year. Our biggest problem is where to put the solid waste and how to keep it from polluting our
5、environment. If solid waste is disposed of incorrectly, it can contaminate our surface and underground water supplies. Currently, our municipal waste or waste collected by our cities and towns, goes to landfills. Today, about 85% our garbage goes to landfills or garbage dumps. This waste must be tre
6、ated to keep rats, flies and other animals from building their home in the landfills. The treat also prevents the growth of bacteria and other organism that carry diseases. So, how do we handle this mountain of garbage? Scientists have come up with different methods for handling our waste problem.On
7、e type of waste disposal called sanitary landfill was first used in Fresno California, in 1937. In sanitary landfill, the solid waste is spread in thin layers that compacted and covered with a layer of earth. This is a more expensive method, but it takes away the hazards that are caused by landfills
8、. It also allowed the land to be used for building or recreation. The negative of the landfills is that its tough to find open land and this process is very expensive. The land also needs its water sources protected so that the water will not pollute the water supply. Landfill (water dumps) and sani
9、tary landfills rely on the natural biodegradability of the solid wastes. Solid waste are biodegradable if they can decay or break down through the action of living organisms and return to the earth. However certain materials take longer to decay than others, and some materials do not decay or decomp
10、ose at all. Scientists need to find other methods of waste disposal. Incineration and recycling are methods that are currently in use today.1.This passage is about disposal problem of solid waste（ ）.2.From the article we can infer that（ ）.3.According to the article, about（ ）is dumped to landfills.4.
11、The word “recycle”( Line 1, Paragraph 2) means（ ）.5.According to the article, which one of the following is NOT true?问题1选项A.by consumersB.in CaliforniaC.by municipal governmentD.in America问题2选项A.treatment of the solid is a hard nut to crackB.solution for proper disposal will be found soonC.Californi
12、a set a good example in solid waste in 1930sD.the government remains confident about the solid waste问题3选项A.12. 4 million tons of garbageB.80 million tons of garbageC.85% of the garbageD.92. 4 tons of garbage问题4选项A.to send something far awayB.to throw something away to the right placeC.to convert was
13、te into reusable materialD.to turn into fertilizers问题5选项A.Solid waste does not include fluid materials.B.Sanitary landfill is a type of waste disposal method once used in California.C.Burning is not a method that is used today.D.Composting is still one of the ways to handle the mountain of garbage【答
14、案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:C第4题:C第5题:C【解析】1.事实细节题。根据第一段第二句“That is the sound of solid waste hitting the bottom of garbage cans all over United States.”可知，本文主要讲的是全美国的固体垃圾处理问题，所以选项D正确。2.信息归纳题。根据原文可知，尽管我们一直在为处理固体垃圾不断努力，但每年废弃物的数量都在不断增加，由此可知，这是一个棘手的难题，选项A正确；焚烧和回收是目前正在使用的方法，科学家需要找到其他废物处理方法，由此可知这是一个漫长的过程，所以选项B不正确；根据最
15、后一段，加州虽然首次使用了卫生填埋的方法，但存在很多弊端，所以选项C不正确；选项D在文中没有提及。3.事实细节题。根据第二段“Today, about 85% our garbage goes to landfills or garbage dumps.”大约85%的垃圾进入了垃圾填埋场或垃圾场。选项C符合原文。4.词义推断题。“recycle”指循环利用。选项C将废物转化为可重复使用的材料，正确。5.是非判断题。根据第一段“This does not include fluid materials.”可知选项A正确；根据第三段第一句“One type of waste disposal called sanitary landfill was first used in Fresno California.”可知选项B正确;根据最后一段最后一句“Incineration and recycling are methods that are currently in use today.”可知选项C错误；根据第二段第一句“Even though we make an effort to recycle and compost our solid waste”可知选项D正确。所以本题选C。3. 单选题The increase in stude
