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1、2022年考博英语-中国农业科学院考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题The qualities demanded by the government were of a practical, moral and ethical nature, the objective being to perpetuate Confucian traditions which were（ ）in maintaining stability and sanctioning the imperial rule.问题1选项A.usefulB.essentialC.instrumentalD.vi
2、tal【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项useful“有用的”；B选项essential“必不可少的”；C选项instrumental“有帮助的”；D选项vital“极其重要的”。虽然四个词放在题目中均读得通，但根据题意，我们选择最合适的，即B选项。句意：政府所要求的质量带有实在、道德伦理的本质，孔子传统对于维持稳定、认可帝国统治是的，这便是保持孔子传统的目的。因此C选项正确。2. 单选题The course of scholastic preparation was arduous requiring the systematic passing of successive exa
3、minations. Success in the examinations resulted in the（ ）of academic degrees, which were treasured as the surest source of wealth and power in China.问题1选项A.bestowalB.givingC.conferringD.offering【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项bestowal“赠与”；B选项giving“给予”；C选项conferring“文凭、学位的授予”；D选项offering“提供”。根据题干，提到学位被视为财富和成功的
4、可靠来源，符合题干内容的只有C选项，学位作为一种文凭。句意：学业准备的过程是艰苦的，要求有系统地通过连续的考试。考试成功导致学术学位的，在中国这是宝贵的财富和权力的源泉。因此C选项正确。3. 单选题None of students in the class likes the mistress, who is used to being（ ）of everything they do.问题1选项A.emotionalB.optimisticC.interestedD.critical【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项emotional“情感的”；B选项optimistic“乐观的”；C选
5、项interested“感兴趣的”；D选项critical“批评的，苛刻的”，句意：班里没有一个学生喜欢那位女老师，她惯于批评学生们所做的一切事。所以选D。4. 翻译题There is nothing wrong, of course, with a countrys questioning its direction and wanting to preserve many of its traditional values. Moreover, Japan isnt likely to revert to the collusive(诡秘的) and anticompetitive pol
6、icies of the past. The reform process has gone too far, and corporate behavior has changed too dramatically. But given the magnitude (巨大) of the fiscal and financial challenges ahead, even a slight slowing of the governments deregulatory efforts and private-sector restructuring could create an event
7、ual disaster. Nows not the time for Japan to rest on its laurels.【答案】【参考译文】当然，一个国家质疑自己的方向，并希望保留许多传统价值观，这并没有错。此外，日本不太可能恢复到共谋的(诡秘的)和反竞争政策的过去。改革进程走得太远，企业行为发生了太大变化。但是考虑到大小(巨大)的财政和金融挑战，甚至略有放缓政府放松管制的努力和私营部门的重组可以创建最终的灾难。现在不是日本安于现状的时候。5. 单选题Many people think that the standards of public（ ）have declined.问题1选
8、项A.moralityB.rightnessC.awarenessD.mentality【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A项morality“道德，品行”，B项rightness“公正，正直”，C项awareness“意识，认识”，D项mentality“心态”。句意：许多人认为公共道德标准下降了。根据句意，该题选A正确。6. 单选题Instead of the somewhat obnoxious nationalistic chest beating that went with a great deal the Singapore and Malaysia version of the
9、“debate” over Asian values, what is now called for is an explanation of how the same set of cultural values could have produced both the dynamos and the dominoes.问题1选项A.soberB.rhetoricC.banalD.very unpleasant【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项sober“冷静的”；B选项rhetoric“花言巧语的”；C选项banal“陈腐的”；D选项very unpleasant“极不愉快的”；
10、very unpleasant正是表达了题目中“不愉快的”的意思。句意：与新加坡和马来西亚版本的亚洲价值观之“论战”所带来的令人不快的民族主义者的痛打相比，现在需要的是解释同一套文化价值观如何既产生了发电机又产生了多米诺骨牌。因此D选项正确。7. 不定项选择题(1) The sources of anti-Christian feeling were many and complex. On the more intangible side, there was a general pique against the unwanted intrusion of the Western coun
11、tries; there was an understandable tendency to seek an external scapegoat for internal disorders only tangentially attributable to the West and perhaps most important, there was a virile tradition of ethnocentricism, vented long before against Indian Buddhism, which since the seventeenth century, fo
12、cused on Western Christianity. Accordingly, even before the missionary movement really got under way in the mid-nineteenth century, it was already at a disadvantage. After 1860, as missionary activity in the hinterland expanded, it quickly became apparent that in addition to the intangibles, numerou
13、s tangible grounds for Chinese hostility abounded.(2) In part, the very presence of the missionary evoked attack, they were, after all, the first foreigners to leave the treaty ports and venture into the interior, and for a long time they were virtually the only foreigners whose quotidian labors car
14、ried them to the farthest reaches the Chinese empire. For many of the indigenous population, therefore, the missionary stood as a uniquely visible symbol against which opposition to foreign intrusion could be vented. In part, too, the missionary was attacked because the manner in which he made his p
15、resence felt after 1860 seemed almost calculated to offend. By indignantly waging battle against the notion that China was the sole fountainhead of civilization and, more particularly, by his assault on many facets of Chinese culture, the missionary directly undermined the cultural hegemony of the gentry class. Also, in countless ways, he posed a threat to the gentrys traditional monopoly of social leadership. Missionaries, particularly Catholics, frequently, assumed the garb of the Confucian literati. They were the only persons at the local level, aside from
