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1、2022年考博英语-中国艺术研究院考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题Human societies the world over have confronted the same existential problems and have come to remarkably（ ）solutions, differing only in superficial details.问题1选项A.identicalB.diverseC.variedD.similar【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项identical“完全相同的”；B选项diverse“不同的，多种多样的”；C选
2、项varied“各式各样的”；D选项similar“相似的”。句意：人类社会都会面临同样的生存问题，但都能找到非常相似的解决方案，只是在表面的细节上有所不同。选项D符合语境。2. 单选题The enterprise introduced an incentive bonus for high productivity.问题1选项A.motiveB.initiativeC.encouragementD.entertainment【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。根据句意：企业为了提高生产力引进了奖金。incentive 意为“刺激，激励的”。A选项motive“动机，目的”；B选项initiati
3、ve“主动权，首创精神”；C选项encouragement“鼓励，激励”；D选项entertainment“娱乐，消遣，款待”。选项C符合语境。3. 单选题Nobody would expect a city water system designed for 1 m residents to be able to handle a 1,000-fold increase in population in just a few years. Yet that is what the internets fundamental addressing scheme has had to accom
4、modate. When the network was first established there were only a handful of computer centres in America. Instead of choosing a numbering system that could support a few thousand or million addresses, the internets designers foresightedly opted for one that could handle 4 billion. But now even that i
5、s not enough.The addressing system, called internet protocol version 4 (IPv4), cannot keep up with the flood of computers, mobile phones, hand-held gadgets, games consoles and even cars and refrigerators flooding onto the network. Nearly 85% of available addresses are already in use; if this trend c
6、ontinues they will run out by 2011, the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, a think-tank for rich countries, warned in May.The shortage is not the only problem; so too is growing complexity. IPv4 addresses are allocated in blocks to network operators. The path to reach each networ
7、k is published on a global list that is constantly updated. Big computers, called routers, use these entries to guide the flow of traffic across the internet. But as more devices and networks link to the internet, it becomes necessary to subdivide the address blocks into ever-smaller units. This ris
8、ks overtaxing the millions of routers that handle the internets traffic, which must be regularly upgraded to keep up. Were there no alternative to IPv4, parts of the internet would eventually suffer from sporadic outages.Fortunately a new system does exist, called internet protocol version 6, which
9、provides 3.4X1038 addresses. This means IPv6 addresses can be allocated to network operators and companies in much larger quantities. It also provides a clean slate for establishing new paths over the internet, reducing complexity. But switching means upgrading millions of devices.In fact, support f
10、or IPv6 is already widely available in software and hardware, but it has not been used much. Only a few research institutions and the American government took the IPv6 plunge early on. (In America all federal agencies must be capable of using IPv6 by June 30th 2008, by executive order.)But in recent
11、 months the pace of change has picked up. In February Mr Vixie, a network engineer, flipped a switch that means domain names can now map onto IPv6 addresses. This may herald more widespread adoption of the new protocol, since it means that any organisation can use IPv6 addresses with its domain name
12、s, and users can access them without special rigging.1.From the first paragraph we may infer that the design of the internets fundamental addressing scheme is（ ）.2.According to the author, the addressing system IPv4（ ）.3.The potential problem with internet protocol version 4 today is that（ ）.4.It is
13、 implied that IPv6 addresses（ ）.5.Which of the following may serve as the best title of the passage?问题1选项A.over-populatedB.very popularC.out of dateD.rather irrational问题2选项A.will run out by 2011B.cannot keep up with so much informationC.is over-loaded with too many functionsD.is damaged by a think-t
14、ank for rich countries问题3选项A.nearly 85% of available addresses are already in useB.cars and refrigerators are flooding onto the networkC.it is growing into a kind of complexityD.there is a shortage of available addresses in the near future问题4选项A.are not very popular for some technical reasonsB.are p
15、roduced in much larger quantitiesC.are upgrading millions of devicesD.can be an alternative to IPv4问题5选项A.The internets fundamental addressing schemeB.The principle of internet protocol version 4 (IPv4)C.The potential problem with the existing addressing systemD.An alternative internet protocol to deal with address shortage【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D第5题:D【解析】1.判断推理题。根据原文第一段的首句“Nobody would expect a city water system designed for 1 m residents to be able to handle a 1,000-fold increase in population in just a few years. 没有人会想到，一个为100万居民设计的城市
