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1、托福阅读主要话题分类汇总一、 生命科学类时间涉及话题核心词汇1、昆虫01-10蚂蚁生存5000万年的原因Predatory eusocial insect/ predator/specialization/cooperation/forage for food/defend the nest/nest intruder/larva/labor category/caste/termite /solitary ant02-05蚂蚁信息素Pheromones(chemical signals)/fire ant/aggregation/solitary ant/colony odor/identi
2、fy intruder/colony integrity/alarm pheromone/scurry/mark its trails/ ergate /soldier/queen ant03-10蚂蚁间交流Forage/lay a trail/migration/stinger to/trail pheromone/leafcutter/evaporate pheromone/receptor/antenna06-06-2406-12-03蜜蜂沟通Honey bee/Worker bee/Social/Scout/Scent/Pollen dance00-10-3蝴蝶多样性Variety /
3、 Category / DiversityRichness / DistributionTropical and temperate regions2、鸟类02-10始祖鸟Flying vertebrate/reptile/pterosaur/lizard/fossile/wingspan/ancestor/quarry/link between dinosaur and bird00-01人工孵化Aviculturist/incubation/parrot/temperature/humidity/gradient/hatch/evaporate/artificial incubation/
4、laboratory condition/viability/survivability/insulator01-05鸟类换毛Molt / Feather / Wear outOutermost / Innermost01-08鸟类欺骗战术Deception strategy/ground-nesting/trick/predator/several ploy/emit/mimic/incubate/broken-wing display/flop03-01鸟类在岩壁上筑巢Nesting on cliff/mate/lay/rear/raven/predator/relaxation of t
5、he defence /gull/kittiwake07-1-13鸟类迁徙Migrate/Predict/Artificial sun/Real sun/Guide/Star/Inner clock 06-12-8鸟的鸣叫Twitter/Parents/Predator/Higher frequency/Gene3、水生动物03-01浮游生物繁盛期与石油Mesozoic ear/Cretaceous period/plankton/float/precipitate/silica/Calcium carbonate/sediment/deposit/accumulate/remain/calc
6、ium carbonate-secreting/amass/prolific/bury/petroleum05-01北美雀鳝Wetland region/needlelike teeth/snout/slender/alligator gar/adept/fast sideways snap/jaw/stealthy approach/marsh/aquatic habitat/prehistoric/swimming bladder06-7-1507-3-23鳟鱼Predator/Gravel/Celsius degree/Survival environment07-8-25鱼类体液渗透平
7、衡Body fluid/Gill/Permeate/Balance/Solute/Urine05-12-17海豚的智慧Dolphin/Intellective4、动物习性02-10-3动物的意识与认知能力Animal behaviorist/anticipate/coordinate/consciousness/honeybee/nectar/figure-eight pattern/hive/intelligence/cognition/otter/rudimentary tool/chimpanzee/summing ability04-5-1动物哺育下一代Calve/marsupial/
8、 spiny anteater/placental mammal/offspring/descendant/reptile/crocodile/caterpillar/paralyze/venom/store/larva/parental care/forage/shield/survive04-8-5动物使用工具Primate/chimpanzee/ants and termites/anvil/hammer/modify/twig/strip/probe hole/woodpecker finch/cactus spine/prey/beak /anemone/octopus/forest
9、-dwelling primate/intruder07-03-04动物保温机制Thermoregulation/Blubber/Bladder/Metabolic06-06-09生物钟规律Biological clock/Bat/Nightly animal06-10-18动物拟态行为Mimesis/Camouflage/Predator06-10-28食草动物摄食行为Vegetarian/Stern/Leaves/Ruminate06-10-15蝙蝠和寄生虫Bat/Gregarious/Parasite/Beneficial06-09-15动物捕食最优化Predator/Prey/Opti
10、mize5、灭绝与进化02-01史前人类活动导致巨型动物灭绝Subsist/hunter/gatherer/Pleistocene epoch/paleontologist/prehistoric/mass extinction/overhunting/mammoth/giant ground sloth/giant bison/direct competition/demise/carnivore/predator/survive02-08物种灭绝Extinct/perish/ecological change/temperature/demise/dinosaur/plankton in
11、the ocean/periodic extinction/intersection/Earths orbit/comet/eliminate/adapt/evolutionary06-12-16动物体型进化Body size/Limit/Reproduce/Special adaptation07-01-27物种适应性Biological diversity/ecosystem/fragility/fringe marine ecosystem/habitat destruction/irreversible/mass extinction/physical event/climatic/c
12、osmic/die out/demolish/biological devastation/adaptation6、植物05-08菌类Fungi/mold/yeast/mushroom/chlorophyll/synthesize/carbohydrate/fungal cell/hyphae/enzyme/cellulose/cellulose-destroying/timber/decomposition/organic matter/antibiotics/penicillin04-01苔藓Lichen/hardiest/framework/fungus/alga/stagnant/ph
13、otosynthese/dormant/dew/ultraviolet ray/stain/lichen colony /offspring/encounter/ stalk-like bud02-01北美郁金香Tulip/Holland/cultivation/tenuous line/colonize/carnation/settler/tulip bulb/grumble/tulip entrepreneur/salesperson/ nostalgic longing/homesick08-01-05植物的积极防御和消极防御Symbiotic specy/mechanism/perfo
14、rmed/passive/inducible/active/toxic/deterrent/immune system/vertebrate7、动植物关系01-05为何树冠内小动物少Canopy/twig/mammal/warm blooded/gap/tree crown02-09松鼠与橡树Naturalist/ecologist/squirrel/acorn/disperse/scurry/pesky seed predator/regeneration/dispersal/seed maturity/germination/spread/reproduce/pry off/discard
15、/litter07-06-24动植物间的互利与共生Symbiosis/Pollination/Fungus/Symbiotic8、其他生命03-08生命起源Putrefy/microscopically/bacteria/microorganism/spontaneous generation/hypothetical/chemist/microbiologist/Pasteur/guncotton filter/alcohol/ether/solid particle/microscope slide/mold/singe-celled/microbial cell/postulate/deposit/glass flask/teem with/proponent/swan-neck flask/sterilize05-08菌类Fungi/mold/yeast/mushroom/chlorophyll/synthesize/carbohydrate/fungal cell/hyphae/enzyme/cellulose/cellulose-destroying/timber/decomposition/organic mat
