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1、2022年考博英语-中国财政科学研究院考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题We have planned an exciting publicity _ with our advertisers.问题1选项A.struggleB.conflictC.battleD.campaign【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项struggle“奋斗；抗争”；B选项conflict“冲突；争执”；C选项battle“战役；较量”；D选项campaign“战役；（有计划的）活动”。句意：我们和我们的广告商计划了一个令人兴奋的宣传_。根据语境，这里是指广告宣传活动，所以campaign“（有计划的）
2、活动”符合题意。因此D选项正确。2. 翻译题Section B Chinese to English (20 points)Translate the following text into English. Write your translation on your ANSWER SHEET.（40）土壤和土地资源支撑着全球可持续发展，它们还是我们与穷困、食品不安全和气候变化作斗争的关键元素。与其他自然资源复杂地交织在一起，土壤是水、能源和食品安全链条中（nexus）不可分割的组成部分。由于风沙和水的侵蚀，世界每年失去约240亿吨肥沃的土壤。（41）土壤和土地的恶化（degradation
3、）不仅是一个物理或生物化学问题，而且常常与社会经济各方面相联系。贫穷和被边缘化的人口通常最容易受土壤和土地恶化的影响，因为通常是他们拥有这些恶化的土地。（42）为了使贫困的小规模农业耕种社区达到食品安全要求，并且根除（eradicate）极端贫困，我们需要处理与土地恶化相关的一系列复杂问题。土壤和土地恶化既是技术问题，也是管理（governance）问题。【答案】40. Soils and land resources underpin global sustainable development, and they are key elements in our fight against
4、poverty, food insecurity and climate change. Intertwined with other natural resources complicatedly, soil is an integral part of the water, energy, and food security nexus. Due to the erosion of wind and dust as well as water, the world loses about 24 billion tons of fertile soil every year.41. Soil
5、 and land degradation not only involves physical or biochemical problems, but also often related to social and economic aspects. Poor and marginalized populations are usually the most vulnerable to soil and land degradation, as they are usually the ones who own the deteriorated land.42. In order for
6、 poor small-scale farming communities to meet food safety requirements and to eradicate extreme poverty, we need to address a set of complex issues associated with land degradation. Soil and land degradation is as much a matter of governance as of technology.3. 单选题The economic expansion prompted by
7、the Second World War triggered a spectacular population boom in the West. Of course, the region was no stranger to population booms. Throughout much of its history, western settlement had been characterized by spurts, rather than by a pattern of gradual and steady population growth, beginning with t
8、he gold and silver rushes of the 1850s and 1860s. The decade after the First World Warthe 1920switnessed another major surge of people pouring into the West, particularly into urban areas. But the economic depression of the 1930s brought this expansion to a halt; some of the more sparsely settled pa
9、rts of the region actually lost population as migrants sought work in more heavily industrialized areas. By 1941 when the United States entered the Second World War and began to mobilize, new job opportunities were created in the western part of the nation.If the expansion of industries, such as shi
10、pbuilding and aircraft manufacturing, was most striking on the pacific coast, it also affected interior cities like Denver. Phoenix, and Salt Lake City, Equally dramatic were the effects of the establishment of aluminum plants is Oregon and Washington and the burgeoning steel industry in Utah and Ca
11、lifornia. The flow of people into these areas provided an enormous impetus to the expansion of the service industriesbanks, health care services and schools. Although strained to the limit by the influx of newcomers, western communities welcomed the vast reservoir of new job opportunities. At the sa
12、me time, the unprecedented expansion of government installations in the West, such as military bases, created thousands of new civilian openings. As land had served as a magnet for western migrants in the late nineteenth century, so wartime mobilization set in motion.There is another major expansion
13、 of population. Indeed, it could be said that the entire western United States became a giant boomtown during the Second World War. This was especially true of California: Of more than eight million people who moved into the West in the decade after 1940, one-half went to the Pacific coast. In fact,
14、 between 1940 and 1950, Californias population surged by more than three million people.16. What is the main point of the passage?17. The word “triggered” is closet in meaning to _.18. Why does the author mention “the gold and silver rushes of the 1850s and 1860s” in the first paragraph?19. Accordin
15、g to the passage, the depression of the 1930s caused which of the following?20. Which of the following statements about the shipbuilding industry is suggested by the passage?问题1选项A.California dominated the economic growth of the West during the Second World War.B.Industrial growth during the 1940s a
16、ttracted large numbers of people to the West.C.The military drew people away from civilian jobs the 1940s.D.The West experienced gradual and steady economic growth from 1900 to 1940.问题2选项A.was connected toB.generatedC.interfered withD.illuminated问题3选项A.As causes of gradual population growth.B.As contrasts
