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1、普通高中课程标准实验教科书-化学选修4江苏版-4 11-1-1 12 31 2 3 - 1 - 451,2HkJ/mol 3H0 4- 2 - 能能反应物 量 生成物 量 ?H0 反应物 生成物 反应过程 反应过程 121 2 5 - 3 - 1 2 3- 4 - 12 1101kPa25 23H+ 4H 51mol 6HKJ/molH- 5 - 31 23- 6 - 1 ( ) AB C DE 2 1molHHQkJ 11molO = OQkJ 21molHOQkJ 3A2 Q + Q 4 Q123 B2 Q + Q 4 Q123 CQ + Q 2Q 1A.H(g)+Cl(g)=2HCl(g
2、); H=- 22Q1 1/2 H (g)+1/2 Cl (g)=HCl(g);H=- Q222 BC(s)+1/2O(g)=CO (g); H=- Q 21C(s)+ O (g)=CO (g); H=- Q222 C2 H (g)+ O (g)=2HO(l); H=- Q2221 2 H (g)+ O (g)=2 HO (g); H=- Q2222 DS(g)+ O (g)=SO (g); H=- Q221 S(s)+ O (g)= SO (g); H=- Q 222- 8 - 41mol C1mol 1mol CO 1mol H 131.5 kJ 25CH0.5 4mol CHCOHO 4
3、22445 kJA2CH( g )4O ( g ) 2CO( g ) 4 22 4HO ( l ) H = +890 kJ/mol 2BCH 2 O CO HO 422 2H = 890 kJ/mol CCH ( g )2 O( g ) CO ( g ) 2 42 2HO ( l ) H = 890 kJ/mol 2D1/2CH( g )O ( g ) 1/2CO ( g ) 4 22HO ( l ) H = -890 kJ/mol 2- 9 - 6 1H ( g )1/2 O ( g )HO ( g )222 H = a kJ/mol 122 H ( g )O ( g )2 HO ( g )
4、222 H = b kJ/mol 23H ( g )1/2 O ( g )HO ( l )222 H = c kJ/mol 34 2 H ( g )O ( g )2 HO ( l )222 H4= d kJ/mol 1abcdAacd0 C2a=b0 - 10 - -4 21-1-2 12. 123 4 - 11 - 1 1mol 1mol 57.3kJ/mol + - H+ OH= HO2+-H(aq) + OH(aq) HO(l)H =-57.3kJ 21molHO57.3KJ/mol 22 1 0.50 mol/L0.50 mol/L0.50 mol/L0.50 mol/L 23 ,34
5、.1810mt,，,HKJmol/ 0.025- 12 - 4 1 2 50 mL 0.50 mol/L50 mL 0.55 mol/LNaOHNaOH3 NaOH,4 5 57.4 kJ/mol- 13 - 6 1. 2 3 4.5.6.12NaOH3450mL0.55mol/LNaOH- 14 - 4NaOH60 mL 0.50 mol/L50 mL 0.55 mol/L NaOH 150 mL 0.50 mol/L50 mL 0.50 mol/L100 mL 0.50 mol/L100 mL 0.50mol/LNaOH- 15 - 21L1mol/LNaOHHH H 123H H H 1
6、32 ? C(s)+1/2 O (g)=CO(g) H=? 21CO(g)+1/2 O (g)= CO(g) H222 =-283.0kJ/mol C(s)+ O (g)= CO(g) 22 H=-393.5kJ/mol 3+ = H + H =H123 H =H- H 132=-393.5kJ/mol+ 283.0kJ/mol =-110.5kJ/mol - 16 - HHHH 12H=H+H12 1NHNO242NHO 22N (g)+2O(g)=2 NO 222(g)H=+67.2kJ/mol 1NH (g)+ O (g)= N (g)+2 HO (l) 24222- 17 - H=-5
7、34kJ/mol 22NH(g)+2NO(g)=3N(g)+4HO(l) 24222H=-1135.2kJ/mol 2H(g)+1/2 O (g) HO (g) ; H = 2212241.8kJ/mol H(g)+ 1/2 O (g) HO (l) ; H = 2222285.8kJ/mol HO l) HO (g) ; H 223HHH 123H=H+H123 3 C(s)+ O (g) CO (g) H = 22395.4 kJ/mol C(s)+ O (g) CO(g) H = 22393.5 kJ/mol H= +1.9 kJ/mol - 18 - -4 31-1-3 12. 12
8、3- 19 - 1101kPal mol. 101kPal g. 2 101kPa 1molH HS2SOS 2CCOCOH22HO (l)HO (g) 22H(g)+ 1/2 O(g) = HO(l); H =285.8 222kJ/mol 31 mol - 20 - - 21 - 4 A B1mol2mol C1mol2mol DH(g)+1/2O(g)=HO(g) H = 222-241.8 kJ/mol 2 H (g)+ O (g)=2 HO (g) H = -483.6 222kJ/mol H (g)+1/2 O (g)= HO (l) H = 222-285.8 kJ/mol 2
9、H (g)+ O (g)=2 HO (l) H = 222-571.6 kJ/mol 285.8 kJ/mol 5 10gSO2500gHO18262.4- 22 - 1 4.18J -1297 kJ?mol S(s)O(g)SO (g) H22 -1 297kJ?mol4 6 H - 23 - 12 3451 CCH 81823 SO2- 24 - 45 - 25 - 1COCH4 CO(g)+1/2 O (g)= CO(g) 22 H=-283.0kJ/mol CHg+2Og COg+2HO4222lH =890kJ/mol 1molCO3molCH4 A2912kJ B2953kJ C3
10、236kJ D3867kJ 2 H(g)=2H(g) 2H+Q1 1/2O(g)=O(g) 2H+Q2 2H(g)+O(g)=HO(g) 2H-Q3 HO (g)= HO (l) 22H-Q4 HO(g)+1/2 O (g)= 22HO (l) H-Q25 QQQQQ 5123432 H(g)+ O (g)=2 HO (l)H = -571.6 222- 26 - kJ/mol HO2233.6L _kJ 4 C(s)+1/2 O (g)=CO(g) H =2110.5kJ/mol C(s)+ O (g)= CO(g) H=-393.5kJ/mol 22 CO3/4 5NHNO242 NO (
11、g) H22 N (g)+2O(g)=2 NO (g)222H=+67.2kJ/mol 1NH (g)+ O (g)= N (g)+2 HO (l) 24222H=-534kJ/mol 21molNO2kJ - 27 - -4 41-2-1 1 1 2 2 3 4 511 ,. 2+2+: Zn+ Cu Zn + Cu 22 ,. -2+ : Zn-2e=Zn2+-Cu+2e=Cu - 28 - 2+2+Zn+ Cu Zn + Cu 3 4 1 2 3 5UKCl-+ClKZnCuZnCuPrimary Cell 62+-Cu+2e=Cu -2+ Zn-2e=Zn- 29 - 2+2+Zn+
12、Cu Zn + Cu,2+2+ (-)Zn|Zn(C) Cu(C)|Cu(+)12|- +3+-1,(-)Pt|H(100KPa)|H(1.0molL)Cr(1.0mo2+2-1-2-1-1l,L),H(1.010mol,L),CrO(10mol,L27)|Pt(+) -+ : H -2e = 2H2+-3+2- : CrO+14 H+6e=2 Cr+7 27HO2+3+2- : CrO+3 H=2 Cr+7 + 8 H272 HO 2- 30 - 1. - 31 - 2Zn + 2AgNO=Zn(NO)+2Ag 3323+2+ 2Fe+Fe=3Fe32:Cu+2AgNO=Cu(NO)+2Ag
13、 332,4,2Zn-HSO-Cu34. . 1(); 2; 3 .- 32 - 1(:),; ,; 2,- 33 - -4 51-2-2 1 :( ) :( ) : 2 :( ) :( ) : 3(:) ():( ) (HSO):( ) 24():( ) - 34 - (KOH):( ) 4 :( ) :( ) : () 1 -Zn+2OH-2e = ZnO+HO2-AgO+HO+2e = 2Ag+2OH 22AgO+Zn 2Ag+ZnO 22 -Zn+2OH-2e = Zn(OH)2-2MnO+2HO+2e = 2MnOO H +2OH 22Zn+2MnO+2HO 22Zn(OH)+2MnOO H 23(:) -+():( H ) 2H-4e=4H 22(HSO):( O ) 242+-O+4H+4e=2HO 22():( H ) 2-H+2OH-2e=2HO 22(KOH):( O ) 2-1
