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1、2022年考博英语-对外经济贸易大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Thanks in no small part to A1 Gore and his film producers, the American public is waking up to the seriousness of global warming. What is not so widely appreciated is that unless the US government acts urgently and decisively, this problem could very quick
2、ly get very much worse.For reasons both economic and political coal is poised to be the fuel of choice in the coming decades as the US weans itself off foreign oil. Coal combustion generates half the USs electricity and releases about 1.5 billion tons of carbon dioxide a year. If present trends cont
3、inue, these figures will more than double by 2050, much to the detriment of the worlds climate. Without an alternative fuel, the only solution is to capture and store carbon dioxide from burning coal.Overcoming the engineering obstacles in the way of large-scale sequestration of carbon dioxide will
4、be hard enough, but the bigger challenge is one of political will. US companies as yet have no incentive to capture carbon emissions. While moves at state and congressional levels are pushing in the right direction, the ambiguity in the administrations policy is counterproductive.It is time for the
5、US government to put a price on carbon emissions so utilities that invest in technologies to reduce carbon emissions will see their efforts rewarded. Such a move would not only reduce the risks associated with global warming, but also go a long way to restoring Americas green credentials.1.According
6、 to the author, what adds to the seriousness of global warming?2.Which of the following is true about the obstacles for effectively capturing carbon emissions?3.What does the author suggest as a solution to the problem?问题1选项A.The American public was ignorant of the problem.B.The American government
7、is doing nothing to deal with the problem.C.The US will choose coal as the major fuel which will have large carbon emissions.D.There is no alternative fuel other than foreign oil which has large carbon emissions.问题2选项A.The existing technology is only able to deal with large-scale carbon emissions.B.
8、The companies are not highly motivated in adopting new technologies.C.The government policy for using coal and oil is counterproductive.D.The companies feel reluctant to be involved in political issues.问题3选项A.The government should charge carbon emissions so as to encourage companies to adopt new tec
9、hnology.B.The governments should reward utilities that invest in the technologies to reduce carbon emission.C.The government should make long-time efforts to encourage people to plant more trees.D.The government should pay for large-scale carbon emissions.【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:A【解析】1.推理判断题。文章第一段中提到“What
10、 is not so widely appreciated is that unless the US government acts urgently and decisively, this problem could very quickly get very much worse.”可知美国政府对全球变暖问题没有积极主动地采取相应措施。第三段中提到“While moves at state and congressional levels are pushing in the right direction, the ambiguity in the administrations p
11、olicy is counterproductive.”虽然美国各州和国会的行动正朝着正确的方向推进，但政府在政策上的模糊性却产生了相反的效果。”可知美国政府在全球变暖这个问题上什么也没做，因此选B。2.细节事实题。文章第三段中提到“US companies as yet have no incentive to capture carbon emissions. ”到目前为止，美国公司还没有捕捉获碳排放的动力。可知B选项“公司在采用新技术方面没有很强的积极性。”因此B选项符合题意。A选项“现有的技术只能处理大规模的碳排放”；C选项“政府对使用煤炭和石油的政策是产生相反的效果”；D选项“公司不
12、愿意卷入政治问题”。3.推理判断题。文章最后一段的大意为：现在是美国政府为碳排放定价的时候了，使投资于技术使碳排放减少的公用事业将看到他们的努力得到回报。这一举措不仅会降低全球变暖带来的风险，而且对恢复美国的环保信誉也有很大帮助。因此A选项“政府应该征收碳排放，以鼓励公司采用新技术。”符合题意。2. 单选题The word euthanasia is of Greek origin and literally means “a good death. The American Heritage Dictionary defines it as the act of killing a pers
13、on painlessly for reasons of mercy. Such killing can be done through active means, such as administering a lethal injection, or by passive means, such as withholding medical care or food and water.In recent years in the United States, there have been numerous cases of active euthanasia in the news.
14、They usually involve the deliberate killing of ill or incapacitated persons by relatives or friends who plead that they can no longer bear to see their loved ones suffer. Although such killings are a crime, the perpetrators are often dealt with leniently by our legal system, and the media usually po
15、rtrays them as compassionate heroes who take personal risks to save another from unbearable suffering.The seeming acceptance of active forms of euthanasia is alarming, but we face a bigger, more insidious threat from passive forms of euthanasia. Every year, in hospitals and nursing homes around the
16、country, there are growing numbers of documented deaths caused by caregivers withholding life sustaining care, including food and water, from vulnerable patients who cannot speak for themselves.While it is illegal to kill someone directly, for example with a gun or knife, in many cases the law has put its stamp of approval on causing death by omitting needed care. F
