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1、华中师范大学网络教育学院本科语用与交际练习测试题库及答案1. Answerthefollowingquestionsinyourownwords(每题2分)1. WhatisthefunctionofcontextinunderstandingutterancesThefunctionofcontextinunderstandingutterancesistohelplistenerstonarrowdowntheirchoicesinunderstandingthemeaningofutterances.2. Whatistherelationshipbetweendeixisandcont
2、extAverycloserelationshipexistsbetweendeixisandcontext.3. WhatisthegesturaluseofplacedeixisIftheunderstandingofaplacedeixismustrelyongestures,thenitisthegesturaluse.4. HowdoesconversationalimplicatureexplainlanguageintermsofmeaningItexplainslanguagefromfunctional,communicativeandcontextualaspects.5.
3、 Howmanymaximsarethereinco-operativeprincipleAndwhataretheyFour.Theyarequalitymaxim,quantitymaxim,relationmaximandmannermaxim.6. Whoinventedtheterm“Pragmatics”CharlesMorris,anAmericanphilosopher7. Whatarethethreesub-branchesofsemioticsTheyaresyntactics,semanticsandpragmatics8. WhatisCarnapsunderstan
4、dingof“Pragmatics”BasicallyCarnapunderstandsPragmaticsaswhatMorrishaspointedout,butspecificallyspeaking,CarnapthinksthatPragmaticsshouldstudyindexicalsinlanguage.9. WhatistheadvantageofstudyingPragmaticsOneadvantageofstudyinglanguagethroughpragmaticsisthatwecantalkaboutpeopleintendedmeanings,theiras
5、sumptions,theirpurposesorgoals,andallkindsofactions(forexample,requests)thattheyareperformingwhentheyspeak.10. IsgrammaticalmistakeequaltoPragmaticfailurePragmaticmistakeisnotequaltoPragmaticfailure.11 .WhypragmatistsstudymotionverbunderplacedeixisBecausemotionverbscontainakindofbuilt-indirection12
6、.Whydontpeoplesaywhattheymeanincommunications face.Becausetheywanttobeco-operative,politeandsavetheirownandother13 .WhatdoesCPstandforinPragmaticsInPragmatics,CPstandsforco-operativeprinciple.14 .WhatispositivefacePositivefaceistheneedtobelikedbyothers,ortheneedtobeacceptedandtreatedassocialequals.1
7、5 .WhatisonrecordOnrecordisatechnicalterm,referringtoutterancesnotdirectlyaddressedtoothers.16 .WhatisthedisadvantageofstudyingPragmaticsOnebigdisadvantageofpragmaticstudyisthatalltheseconceptsrelatedtohumanbeingsareextremelydifficulttoanalyzeinaconsistentandobjectiveway.17 .Issemanticmistakeequalto
8、PragmaticfailureNo.SemanticmistakeisnotequaltoPragmaticfailure.18 .Whatarethepossibleinterpretationsofthephrase“Janescar”PossibleinterpretationsarethecarownedbyJane,thecarkeptbyJane,thecarrentedbyJaneetc.19 .IstimepartofcontextYes.Timeispartofcontext20 .Whatisthegeneralroleofpersonaldeixisincommunic
9、ationItsroleistoindicatewhoparticipatesincommunication21 .IsgrammaticalmistakeequaltoPragmaticfailurePragmaticmistakeisnotequaltoPragmaticfailure22 .WhatistheroleofcontextinunderstandingutterancesTheroleofcontextinunderstandingutterancesistohelplistenerstonarrowdowntheirchoicesinunderstanding.23 .Wh
10、atkindofrelationshipexistsbetweendeixisandcontextAverycloserelationshipexistsbetweendeixisandcontext.24.How do you understand gestural use of place deixisIftheunderstandingofaplacedeixismustrelyongestures,thenitisthegesturaluse25 .HowdoesconversationalimplicatureexplainlanguageintermsofmeaningItexpl
11、ainslanguagefromfunctional,communicativeandcontextualaspects.II.Explainthefollowingtermsbriefly.（每题4分）1. inference2. linguisticcontext3. Pragmatics4. appropriacy5. indirectmeaning6. politeness7. facewants8. non-linguisticcontext9. deixis10. conversationalimplicature11. context12. co-operativeprincip
12、le13. presupposition14. calendricuseoftimedeixis答案：1. Inferencemeansthatweofteninferormakeguessesastowhatthespeakerintendstomeanwhenhesayssomething2. Itreferstothelanguagethatsurroundsoraccompaniesapieceofutteranceordiscourseunderanalysis.3. Pragmaticsstudiesthefactorsthatgovernourchoiceoflanguagein
13、socialinteractionandtheeffectsofourchoiceonothers.4. Appropriacymeansthatpeopleshouldsaytherightthingtotherightpersonwiththerightmannerattherightplaceandintherightsituation.5. Indirectmeaningisthemeaningthatpeopleintendtoconvey.Itisalsotermedasthecommunicativemeaningorcontextualmeaning.6. Politeness
14、isshowingawarenessofotherspublicself-image.Usuallypolitenesscanbeunderstoodasvariousmeansthatpeopleuseineithersituationsofsocialclosenessorsituationsofsocialdistance.7. Facewantsrefertoonesfaceexpectations.Normallypeopleexpectthatotherswillrespecttheirfaceincommunication.8. Non-linguisticcontextrefe
15、rstothetypeofcommunicativeevent(forexample,joke,story,lecture,greeting,conversation);thetopic;thepurposeoftheevent;thesettingincludinglocationofday,timeandphysicalaspectsofthesituation;theparticipantsandtherelationshipsbetweenthem;thebackgroundknowledgeetc.9. Deixisisagroupofwordsindicatingperson,ti
16、me,place,etc.ItisoriginatedfromaGreekverb,meaning“point”,“show”and“indicate”inEnglish.10. Conversationalimplicatureisthemeaningimpliedinaconversation.Usuallyitindicatesthespeakerscommunicativepurpose.11. Contextcanbesubdividedintolinguisticcontextandnon-linguisticcontext.Theformerreferstothelanguagethatsurroundsoraccompaniesa
