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1、2022年考博英语-沈阳药科大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题The word “conservation” has a thrifty meaning. To conserve is to save and protect, to leave what we ourselves enjoy in such good condition that others may also share the enjoyment. Our forefathers had no idea that human population would increase faster than
2、the supplies of raw materials; most of them, even until very recently, had the foolish idea that the treasures were “limitless” and “inexhaustible”. Most of the citizens of earlier generations knew little or nothing about the complicated and delicate system that runs all through nature, and which me
3、ans that, as in a living body, an unhealthy condition of one part will sooner or later be harmful to all the others.Fifty years ago nature study was not part of the school work; scientific forestry was a new idea; timber was still cheap because it could be brought in any quantity from distant woodla
4、nds; soil destruction and river floods were not national problems; nobody had yet studied long-terms climatic cycles in relation to proper land use; even the word “conservation” had nothing of the meaning that it has for us today.For the sake of ourselves and those who will come after us, we must no
5、w set about repairing the mistakes of our forefathers. Conservation should, therefore, be made a part of everyones daily life. To know about the water table in the ground is just as important to us as a knowledge of the basic arithmetic formulas. We need to know why all watersheds need the protectio
6、n of plant life and why the running current of streams and rivers must be made to yield their full benefit to the soil before they finally escape to the sea. We need to be taught the duty of planting trees as well as of cutting them. We need to know the importance of big, mature trees, because livin
7、g space for most of mans fellow creatures on this planet is figured not only in square measure of surface but also in cubic volume above the earth. In brief, it should be our goal to restore as much of the original beauty of nature as we can.1. The authors attitude towards the current situation in t
8、he exploitation of natural resources is _.2. According to the author, the greatest mistake of our forefathers was that _.3. It can be inferred from the third paragraph that earlier generations didnt realize _.4. To avoid repeating the mistake of our forefathers, the author suggests that _.5. What do
9、es the author imply by saying “living space. is figured. also in cubic volume above the earth” (Para. 3)?问题1选项A.positiveB.neutralC.suspiciousD.critical问题2选项A.they had no idea about scientific forestryB.they had little or no sense of environmental protectionC.they were not aware of the significance o
10、f nature studyD.they had no idea of how to make good use of raw materials问题3选项A.the interdependence of water, soil, and living thingsB.the importance of the proper use of landC.the harmfulness of soil destruction and river floodsD.the value of the beauty of nature问题4选项A.we plant more treesB.natural
11、science be taught to everybodyC.environmental education be directed toward everyoneD.we return to nature问题5选项A.Our living space on the earth is getting smaller and smaller.B.Our living space should be measured in cubic volume.C.We need to take some measure to protect space.D.We must preserve good li
12、ving conditions for both birds and animals.【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:D第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1. 观点态度题。题干“作者对自然资源开发现状的态度是_。”根据原文第3段第1句For the sake of ourselves and those who will come after us, we must now set about repairing the mistakes of our forefathers.（为了我们自己和后人的利益，我们现在必须着手弥补前人的错误。）可知，作者认为前人对自然资源开采的行为是错误的，并且后文一
13、直在写我们应该怎样节约资源、保护环境，所以D选项“批评的”最符合，排除A选项“肯定的”、B选项“中立的”、C选项“怀疑的”。因此，本题最佳选项为D。2. 判断推理题。根据题干关键词“the greatest mistake of our forefathers”（我们前人最大的错误）定位到原文第3段第1、2句For the sake ofrepairing the mistakes of our forefathers. Conservation should, therefore, be made a part of everyones daily life.（为了我们自己和后人的利益，我们
14、现在必须着手弥补前人的错误。因此，保护环境应该成为每个人日常生活的一部分。）为了弥补前人的错误，我们要保护环境，说明前人的行为破坏了环境，没有意识到保护环境的重要性。B选项“他们几乎没有环境保护意识”表述与原文相符。A、C选项可定位到原文第2段第1句Fifty years ago nature study was not part of the school work; scientific forestry was a new idea（五十年前，自然研究不是学校工作的一部分；科学林业是一个新概念）科学林业在50年前虽然是一个新概念，但前人对他并不是一无所知，选项表述错误，且这并不能说明“对
15、科学林业一无所知”并不是“最大的错误”，排除A选项“他们对科学林业一无所知”；同理，原文只是提到了“自然研究不是学校工作的一部分”，这不能说明“没有意识到自然研究的重要性”是“最大的错误”，排除C选项“他们没有意识到自然研究的重要性”；D选项“他们不知道如何充分利用原材料”可定位到原文第1段第3句Our forefathers had no idea that the treasures were “limitless” and “inexhaustible”.（我们的祖先不知道人口的增长会比原材料的供应更快；甚至直到最近，他们中的大多数人还愚蠢地认为资源是“无穷尽的”，“用之不竭的”。）由此
16、可知，先人们并非不知道如何充分利用原材料（即自然资源），而是不知道自然资源也是有限的，排除D选项；也可以佐证B选项的正确性，因为他们没有环境保护意识认为自然资源“用之不竭”，而过分开采，破坏了环境。因此，本题最佳选项为B。3. 判断推理题。根据题干“从第3段可以推断出，之前的几代人没有意识到_”定位到第3段。第3段开头讲“为了弥补前人的错误，每个人都要保护环境”；接着用3个“we need to”开头的句子讲“我们应该怎么做”，第3段第4句We need to know whybefore they finally escape to the sea.（我们需要知道，为什么所有的河流流域都需要植物的保护
