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1、2022年考博英语-湖南师范大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题Even sensible men do（ ） things sometimes.问题1选项A.abruptB.absurdC.acuteD.apt【答案】B【解析】abrupt生硬的，唐突的；absurd荒谬的，可笑的；acute严重的，激烈的；apt恰当的，灵敏的。句意：即使明智的人有时也会做荒唐的事。选项B符合语境。2. 单选题Ours has become a society of employees. A hundred years or so ago only one of every five Amer
2、icans at work was employed, i.e., worked for somebody else. Today only one out of five is not employed but working for himself. And when fifty years ago “being employed” meant working as a factory laborer or as a farmhand, the employee of today is increasingly a middle-class person with a substantia
3、l formal education, holding a professional or management job requiring intellectual and technical skills. Indeed, two things have characterized American society during these last fifty years; middle-class and upper-class employees have been the fastest-growing groups in our working populationgrowing
4、 so fast that the industrial worker, the oldest child of the Industrial Revolution, has been losing in numerical importance despite the expansion of industrial production.Yet you will find little if anything written on what it is to be an employee. You can find a great deal of very dubious advice on
5、 how to get a job or how to get a promotion. You can also find a good deal of work in a chosen field, whether it be the mechanists trade or bookkeeping. Every one of these trades requires different skills, sets different standards, and requires a different preparation. Yet they all have employeeship
6、 in common. And increasingly, especially in the large business or in government, employeeship is more important to success than the special professional knowledge or skill. Certainly, more people fail because they do not know the requirements of being an employee than because they do not adequately
7、possess the skills of their trade; the higher you climb the ladder, the more you get into administrative or executive work, and the greater the emphasis on ability to work within the organization rather than on technical abilities or professional knowledge.1. It is implied that fifty years ago _.2.
8、According to the passage, with the development of modem modern industry _.3. The word “dubious” (underlined in Para 2.) most probably means _.4. According to the writer, professional knowledge or skill is _.5. From the passage it can be seen that employeeship helps one _.问题1选项A.eighty per cent of Am
9、erican working people were employed in factoriesB.twenty per cent of American intellectuals were employeesC.the percentage of intellectuals in the total work force was almost the same as that of industrial workersD.the percentage of intellectuals working as employees was not so large as that of indu
10、strial workers问题2选项A.factory laborers will overtake intellectual employees in numberB.the proportion of factory laborers in the total employee population has decreasedC.employers have attached great importance to factory laborersD.there are as many middle-class employees as factory laborers问题3选项A.va
11、luableB.usefulC.doubtfulD.helpful问题4选项A.as important as the ability to deal with public relationsB.less important than awareness of being a good employeeC.more important than employer employee relationsD.as important as the ability to co-operate with others in the organization问题5选项A.to be more succe
12、ssful in his careerB.to be more specialized in his fieldC.to solve technical problemsD.to develop his professional skill【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.推理判断题。根据题干可定位到文章第一段And when fifty years ago “being employed” meant working as a factory laborer or as a farmhand, the employee of today is increa
13、singly a middle-class person with a substantial formal education, holding a professional or management job requiring intellectual and technical skills.（50年前，“被雇佣”的意思是作为工厂工人或农场工人工作，而今天的雇员越来越多地是中产阶级，接受过大量的正规教育，从事需要智力和技术技能的专业或管理工作。），由此可知50年前，当人们提到被雇佣时想到的是工厂或农场工人，而现在想到的是中产阶级，由此可推断出50年前，知识分子作为雇员工作的占比没有产业
14、工人的大，所以D选项“知识分子作为雇员工作的百分比没有产业工人的百分比大”正确。A选项“百分之八十的美国工人受雇于工厂”和B选项“百分之二十的美国知识分子是雇员”对应文章第二句“大约一百年前，每五个在工作的美国人中只有一个被雇佣，即为别人工作。”，此处说的是一百年前，并不是五十年，且此处要表达的意思是一百年前百分之二十的美国工人受雇于工厂，所以A选项和B选项说法都不正确，属于反向干扰；C选项“知识分子在全体劳动力中的比例几乎与产业工人的比例相同”说法错误，文章第一段说到50年前，知识分子作为雇员工作的占比没有产业工人的大，所以C选项属于反向干扰。因此D选项正确。2.推理判断题。根据题干可定位到
15、文章第一段Indeed, two things have characterized American society during these last fifty years: middle-class and upper-class employees have been the fastest-growing groups in our working populationgrowing so fast that the industrial worker, that oldest child of the Industrial Revolution, has been losing in numerical importance despite the expansion of industrial production.（事实上，在过去的50年里，美国社会有两个特点：中产阶级和上层社会的雇员一直是我们劳动人口中增长最快的群体增长如此之快，以至于工业革命时以体力为主的工人在数量上已经失去了重要性，尽管工业生产在扩大。），由此可推断出产业工人的数量减少了，所以B选项“产业工人在总雇员人口中的比例有所下降”正确。A选项“产业工人的数量将超过知识型员工”和D选项“中产阶级雇员和产业工人一样多”与原文表述
