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1、高考英语二轮复习阅读理解专题指导（猜测词义题）第一讲 猜测词义题在阅读中我们经常会遇到许多生词。这时许多同学立即翻阅词典，查找词义。这样做不但费时费力，而且影响阅读速度、影响对语篇的整体把握。事实上，阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落都有联系。我们可以利用语境（各种已知信息）推测、判断某些生词的词义。近年来全国统一高考中加大了对考生猜词义能力的考查，因此，掌握一定的猜词技巧，对突破高考阅读理解、提高我们的英语语言能力都有非常重要的意义。常见的题干有：1) Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word？2)
2、The word. could best be replaced by.3) In the. paragraph, the word. means (refers to).4) According to the passage,. probably means.5) The author uses the word. to mean.猜测词义时，一般可利用以下四个方面的线索：一是针对性的解释：针对性解释是作者为了更好的表达思想，在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或高深的词汇等所做的通俗化的解释。这些解释提供的信息明确具体，所使用的语言通俗易懂，利用它们来猜测词义就非常简单。1.根据定义（de
3、finition）猜测词义：如果生词有一个句子（定语从句或是同位语或是同位语从句）或段落来定义,或使用破折号，冒号，分号后的内容和引号括号中的内容加以解释和定义，那么理解这个句子或段落本身就是推断词义。定义常用的谓语动词多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, be called, define, represent, refer to, signify 等。例1.Do you know what a “territory” is ? A territory is an area that an animal ,usually the male
4、, claims（声称）as its own.（2005年湖北卷）分析例2.In fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat, exist in the U.S. today（2005年浙江卷）分析例3. Here is The Pines ,whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou ,wild boar ,and reindeer with surprising sauces . （2004年福建卷）According
5、to the passage ,The Pines is a .Aplace in which you can see many mobile homesBmountain where you can get a good view of the valleyCtown which happens to be near the Banff National ParkDrestaurant where you can ask for some special kinds of food 分析2.根据举例猜测词义：恰当的举例能够提供猜测生词的重要线索。（2004年辽宁卷）例4. The cours
6、e gives you chances to know great power polities between nation states. It will provide more space to study particular issues such as relationship among countries in the European Union, third world debt, local and international disagreement, and the work of such international bodies as the United Na
7、tions, the European Union, NATO, and the World Bank. （2004年辽宁卷）分析二是内在逻辑关系：根据内在逻辑关系推测词义是指应用语言知识分析和判断相关信息之间存在的逻辑关系，然后根据逻辑联系推断生词词义或大致义域。1.根据对比、比较关系猜测词义：在一个句子或段落中，有对两个事物或现象进行对比性的描述，我们可以根据生词的反义词猜测其词义。表示对比关系的词汇和短语主要有：unlike, not, but, however, despite, in spite of, in contrast 等。 表示对比关系的句子结构：while 引导的并列句。
8、同对比关系相反，比较关系表示意义上的相似关系。表示比较关系的词和短语主要有：similarly, like, just as, also, as well as 等。例5.A childs birthday party doesnt have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun.What does the underlined word “hassle” (paragraph 1) probably mean? （2002年NMET）A.a party designed by specialists B.a plan requiring care
9、ful thoughtC.a situation causing difficulty or trouble D.a demand made by guests分析例6.Green loves to talk, and his brothers are similarly loquacious.分析 2.根据因果关系猜测词义：在句子或段落中，若两个事物现象之间构成因果关系，我们可以根据这种逻辑关系推测生词词义。（2005年上海卷）例7.feel that since you are my superior , it would be presumptuous of me to tell you
10、 what to do .”The word “presumptuous” in the middle of the passage is closest in meaning to “ ” . Afull of respect Btoo confident and rude Clacking in experience Dtoo shy and quiet 分析例8.Pruning is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots,or young leaves.（2005年江西卷）分析 3.根据说明、并列、同等同义
11、近义、反义等关系猜测词义在句子或段落中，我们可以利用熟悉的词语，根据语言环境所表面的关系猜测词义。例9.William Shakespeare said. “The web of our life is of a mingled yarn（纱线），good and ill together.” （2005年江苏卷）The underlined word “mingled” in the last paragraph most probably means .Asimple Bmixed Csad Dhappy分析例10.Is it possible to beat high blood pre
12、ssure without drugs ? The answer is “yes”, according to the researchers at Johns Hopkins and three other medical centers. （2004年湖北卷）分析例11.There is no reason to insult and defame the man simply because you do not agree with him.分析例12.The game Americans call soccer is known around the world as footbal
13、l. 分析例13.The house stood at the end of a quiet neat street. The little dwelling,however,looked neglected and cheerless.分析例14.Most women in China -educated and illiterated, urban and rural, the young and old-work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives and mothers.分析三是通
14、过构词法在猜测词义过程中，我们还可以依靠构词法方面的知识，从生词本身猜测词义。1.根据前缀猜测词义例15.Do you have any strong opinion on co-educational or single-sex schools? （2005年江西卷）分析2.根据后缀猜测词义例16. Its a quiet, comfortable hotel overlooking (俯瞰) the bay in an uncommercialized Cornish fishing village on Englands most southerly point（2005年广东卷）分析3
15、.根据复合词的各部分猜测词义例17.Good tool design is important in the prevention of overuse injuries. Well designed tools and equipment will require less force to operate them and prevent awkward（别扭的）hand positions.（2005年北京卷）分析例18. We live in a technological society where most goods are mass-produced by unskilled labor. Because of this, most people that craft (手艺) no longer exists. （2004年浙江卷）分析4.猜测词性变换新词含义例19.The other team
