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1、2022研究生入学-英语一考试全真模拟卷（附答案带详解）1. 问答题：If there is one person to blame for economistshabit of commenting on everything,it is Gary Becker,who died on May 3rd.Not content with studying the worlds economies,he was the first prominent economist to apply economic tools to all aspects of life.He revealed that
2、 people are often purposeful and rational in their decisions,whether they are changing jobs,taking drugs or divorcing their spouses This insight,and the work that followed from it earned him a nobel prize in 1992.No less an eminence than Milton Friedman declared in 2001 that Mr Becker wasthe greates
3、t social scientist who has lived and worked in the last half-century.At the heart of Mr Beckers work was the view thatindividuals maximise welfare as they conceive it.Welfare need not mean income;it could derive from the pleasure of selflessness答案： 本题解析：经济学家们习惯于对一切事情都发表意见,若要将这嗜好归功于一人,这个人便是已于5月3日辞世的加
4、里贝克尔。不满足于仅仅研究世界经济,贝克尔是第一个将经济学方法应用到生活各个方面的著名经济学家。他揭示:无论是换工作,嗑药或与配偶离婚,人们往往是有目的、理性地作出决定。正是由于此种见解以及其后一系列围绕它的研究,贝克尔赢得了1992年的诺贝尔奖。声名卓著的米尔顿弗里德曼在2001年称贝克尔是“过去半个世纪以来最伟大的社会科学家”。贝克尔研究的核心认为“个体总是将他们所认为的福利最大化”。福利不一定意味着收入,它可能源自大公无私的满足感。2. 问答题：Lets start by revisiting Boris Johnsons interview with Deutsche Welle la
5、st month,on whether the poison used in the Salisbury attack came from Russia:Boris Johnson:Let me be clear with you.When I look at the evidence,I mean the people from Porton Down.the laboratory Deutsche Welle:So they have the samples Boris Johnson:They do.And they were absolutely categorical and I a
6、sked the guy myself,I said“Are you sure?”And he said theres no doubt Well,thats odd.I could have sworn Gary Aitkenhead of Porton Down told Sky News that the precise sourceof the poison could not be identified.One of these men is wrong.Could it be the scientist who deals in cold hard evidence for a l
7、iving,or Britain,s Donald Trump complete with ludicrous hair,incomprehensible oratory and a casual relationship with the facts A functional British press would have investigated whether our foreign secretary may have lied to the world about the activities of another country,but alas the medias leadi
8、ng lights were too busy implying Jeremy Corbyns attempts at urging caution were evidence of some kind of fervent lack of patriotism Here we have two responses to foreign policy one is based on the careful examination of the evidence and employing diplomacy,the other involves rushing headlong into a
9、cntlict with a heavily armed superpower.The foreign secretary has opted for the second option,being careless with the facts in order to achieve it.The first-the one we can now perhaps agree is preferable-was derided by much of the media,the Tories,and Labours self-styled moderates as being disunited
10、 and unserious Inevitably,Russia has clutched its national pearls over the comments from Porton Down and accusations of such a heinous act,and tensions with Britain have escalated.and yet Boris Johnson,whowas gleefully stoking the fire just two weeks ago,remains in post.Surely one of the most basic
11、requirements of being foreign secretary is not lying on the international stage and deteriorating relations with other countries?There are numerous possible reasons for Johnsons Teflon-like qualities.Perhaps the privilege of rich white men really is so pervasive that they can literally do whatever t
12、hey feel like and not suffer any consequences.Perhaps the reason its so hard to shame Johnson is that he appears to lack the capacity to feel shame.In any case,a straw must surely break the camels back-and it may as well be this.If lying to the country about something so serious doesnt return Johnso
13、n to the back benches,what will it take?答案： 本题解析：难道担任外相最基本的要求之一,不就应该是别在国际舞台上撒谎别与他国家交恶吗?other countries?句话翻译的时候注意语气。原句为反问句,本句处理为“不就应该是该句为简单句。主干为one of the most basic requirements.is not lying.and deteriorating relations3. 问答题：The American healthcare system has a unique problem with paperwork.The shee
14、r number of participants-physicians,hospitals,clinics,insurance companies,patients-makes settling payments complicated,time-consuming and really expensive.The share of U.S.healthcare spending devoted to administrative costs is roughly three times what it is in other affluent countries.And its a majo
15、r reason the U.S.spends twice as much on healthcare.Some health clinics employ more clerks than care providers-not just to generate invoices but to send along the patient information insurers need to approve treatments,to dispute insurer decisions denying payment,to fix mistakes,to handle patientsqu
16、estions,and on and on.For every I billion in revenue,the healthcare system employs the equivalent of 770 full-time people to settle the bills.Thats almost eight times more than other industries.And doctors have to spend inordinate time dealing with red tape.Of course,if the U.S.were to magically switch to a single-payer healthcare system,these expenses would fall dramatically.The government
