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1、2022年考博英语-西南大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题Scientists, who are now aware of how nautiluses regulate their buoyancy, have been able to dispel （ ）ideas about these creatures.问题1选项A.erroneousB.misdemeanorsC.misgivingsD.misdirection【答案】A【解析】考察形容词、名词词义辨析。erroneous “错误的”；misdemeanors “不法行为”；misgivings “担忧，疑
2、虑”； misdirection “引错方向”。句意：意识到了鹦鹉螺是如何控制自身在水中浮力的科学家们，已经消除了对这些生物的错误认识。选项A符合题意。2. 单选题Europes earlier industrial growth was （ ）by the availability of key resources, abundant and cheap labor, coal, iron ore, etc.问题1选项A.constrainedB.remainedC.sustainedD.drained【答案】C【解析】考察动词词义辨析。constrain “束缚，驱使”；remain “保
3、持”；sustain “维持”；drain “耗尽”。句意：欧洲早期的工业增长使靠唾手可得的主要资源、充足而又廉价的劳动力，煤矿、铁矿等的支撑。选项C符合题意。3. 单选题There are not many teachers who are strong （ ）of traditional methods in English teaching.问题1选项A.sponsorsB.contributorsC.advocatesD.performers【答案】C【解析】考察名词词义辨析。 Sponsor “赞助者”；contributor “捐赠者”；advocate “倡导者，支持者”； pe
4、rformer “表演者”。句意：很多老师都不再强烈倡导传统英语教学法了。选项C符合题意。4. 单选题The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, assessing the problem, formulating options, estimating likelihoods of success, making a decision, and only then taking action to
5、 implement the decision. Rather, in their day-by-day tactical maneuvers, these senior executives rely on what is vaguely termed intuition to manage a network of interrelated problems that require them to deal with ambiguity, inconsistency, novelty, and surprise; and to integrate action into the proc
6、ess of thinking. Generations of writers on management have recognized that some practicing mangers rely heavily on intuition. In general, however, such writers display a poor grasp of what intuition is. Some see it as the opposite of rationality; others view it as an excuse for capriciousness.Isenbe
7、rgs recent research on the cognitive processes of senior managers reveals that managers intuition is neither of these. Rather, senior managers use intuition in at least five distinct ways. First, they intuitively sense when a problem exists. Second, managers rely on intuition to perform well-learned
8、 behavior patterns rapidly. This intuition is not arbitrary or irrational, but is based on years of painstaking practice and hands-on experience that build skills. A third function of intuition is to synthesize isolated bits of data and practice into an integrated picture, often in an Aha! experienc
9、e. Fourth, some managers use intuition as a check on the results of more rational analysis. Most senior executives are familiar with the formal decision analysis models and tools, and those who use such systematic methods for reaching decisions are occasionally leery of solutions suggested by these
10、methods which run counter to their sense of the correct course of action. Finally, managers can use intuition to bypass in-depth analysis and move rapidly to engender a plausible solution. Used in this way, intuition is an almost instantaneous cognitive process in which a manager recognizes familiar
11、 patterns.One of the implications of the intuitive style of executive management is that thinking is inseparable from acting. Since managers often know what is right before they can analyze and explain it, they frequently act first and explain later. Analysis is inextricably tied to action in thinki
12、ng/acting cycles, in which managers develop thoughts about their companies and organizations not by analyzing a problematic situation and then acting, but by acting and analyzing in close concert.Given the great uncertainty of many of the management issues that they face, senior managers often insti
13、gate a course of action simply to learn more about an issue. They then use the results of the action to develop a more complete understanding of the issue. One implication of thinking/acting cycles is that action is often part of defining the problem, not just of implementing the solution.1.Accordin
14、g to the text, senior managers use intuition in all of the following ways except to（ ）.2.The text suggests which of the following about the writers on management mentioned in line 1, paragraph 2?3.It can be referred from the text that which of the following would most probably be one major differenc
15、e in behavior between Manager X, who uses intuition to reach decisions, and Manager Y, who uses only formal decision analysis?4.The text provides support for which of the following statements?5.Which of the following best describes the organization of the first paragraph of the text?问题1选项A.speed up of the creation of a solution to a problem.B.identify a problem.C.bring together disparate facts.D.stipulate clear goals.问题2选项A.They have criticized managers for not following the classical rational model of decision analysis.B.They have not based their analyses on a sufficiently large sample of
