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1、（课标通用）2017高考英语一轮复习专题10定语从句教学案专题10定语从句考纲展示命题探究基础点关系代词的基本用法(1)which的用法which用于指物或替代整个句子，在从句中可作主语或宾语。She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students which allows them to communicate freely with each other.在为学生营造自由交流的氛围这方面，她很有天赋。(2)that的用法that既可指人又可指物，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，作宾语时常可省略。that指人时常可与who或whom互换
2、，指物时常可与which互换。She showed the visitors around the museum that/which had been constructed three years before.她带着这些游客参观了那座三年前建造的博物馆。(3)who, whom的用法who或whom均可指代人，但who在从句中作主语或宾语，whom在从句中作宾语；两者在引导限制性定语从句时常可用that替换。作主语时，who/that不可省略；作宾语时，whom/who/that可以省略。Ive become good friends with several of the studen
3、ts in my school who/whom/that I met in the English speech contest last year.我与好几位去年在英语演讲比赛中结识的同校同学成了好朋友。(4)whose的用法whose表所属关系，既可指人也可指物，在从句中作定语。指物时相当于of which；指人时相当于of whom。The school shop, whose customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays.这家校内商店的主要顾客是学生，放假时商店关门。(5)as的用法as作关系代词既可指人也可指物，
4、在从句中可作主语、宾语或表语。引导限制性定语从句时，一般用于such.as., the same.as., as.as.结构中。另外，as也可引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个句子。Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China.像在我们车间使用的机器是中国制造的。“You cant judge a book by its cover，” as the old saying goes.正如老话所说的那样：“人不可貌相。”重难点1限制性定语从句中，关系代词只用that不用which的情况(1)先行词为不定代词all, anyth
5、ing, nothing, something, everything, nothing, none, the one等或被不定代词修饰时。I refuse to accept the blame for something_that was someone elses fault.我拒绝接受因别人的错误而对我进行的指责。(2)当先行词被the only, the very, any, few, little, no, all等词修饰时。This is the_very person that Im waiting for.这正是我在等的那个人。(3)当先行词是形容词最高级或先行词的前面有形容
6、词最高级修饰时。This is the_most_interesting film that Ive ever seen.这是我看过的最有趣的电影。(4)当先行词是序数词或它前面有序数词修饰时。What is the_first American film that you have seen?你看过的第一部美国电影是什么？(5)当先行词既有人又有物时。Do you know the_things_and_persons_that they are talking about?你知道他们在谈论什么人和什么事情吗？2当先行词指物时，定语从句中关系代词必须用which的情况(1)在非限制性定语从句
7、中，只用which，不用that。Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, which,_of course, made the others envy him.海伦对她最小的儿子比对其他的儿子都要好，这当然让他们对他很嫉妒。(2)当定语从句中的介词提前时，只用which, 不用that。This is the school in_which I once studied.这是我曾经读过书的学校。3关系代词which与as的区别(1)as引导的非限制性定语从句在句中的位置比较灵活，可以放在句首、句中和句末；而wh
8、ich引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在先行词的后面。As we know, China is famous for its Four Great Inventions./China, as we know, is famous for its Four Great Inventions./China is famous for its Four Great Inventions, as we know.众所周知，中国因四大发明而闻名。It was raining heavily, which kept us indoors.雨下得很大，我们出不了门了。(2)as在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词
9、的被动语态。如as is known, as was said, as is reported等。如果从句中的行为动词是主动语态，一般用which作主语。She has been absent again, as is expected.她又缺席了，这在预料之中。Tom has made great progress, which makes me very happy.汤姆取得了很大进步，这使我很高兴。 特别提醒as常用在下列习惯用语中：as everybody can see正如人人都能看到的那样as we had expected正如我们所预料的那样as often happens正如经
10、常发生的那样as has been said before正如以前所说的那样as is mentioned above正如上面提到的as is often the case情况往往是这样(3)在限制性定语从句中当先行词被the same, such修饰时，其后的定语从句用as来引导而不用which，关系代词as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。I never heard such stories as he told.我从未听过他讲的这类故事。(as作宾语)He is not the_same man as he was.他和过去不同了。(as作表语) 考法综述定语从句关系代词的基本用法，尤其是关系
11、代词that, which, who, whose在语篇语法填空和短文改错中常会涉及，近五年考查了32次，可见其重要性。命题法考查限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句中关系代词的用法典例1Id skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River _ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.答案that/which句意：我曾与桂林擦身而过，那是游客尽览石
12、灰岩群峰和漓江绿水的梦幻之境，是被中国艺术家在很多绘画作品中描绘的地方。设空处引导定语从句修饰先行词the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River，且引导词在从句中作主语，故填关系代词that或which。典例2China Today attracts a worldwide readership, that shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China._答案第一个thatwhich此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为
13、整个句子，故用which。【解题法】考查关系代词时的必备知识和一般解题思路(1)首先要了解关系代词的基本用法；who, whom, that先行词为人；that, which先行词为物；whose先行词既可以是人，也可以是物。(2)在语法填空中，考查关系代词是不给提示词的，首先判断先行词是人还是物；其次，确定先行词在定语从句中所作的成分；最后判断是限制性还是非限制性定语从句，最终确定先行词。(3)在短文改错中，除了考查关系代词的基本用法外，还会涉及到that与which的区别，as与which的区别，主要考查关系代词的错用。A单句填空1Or perhaps you are the only o
14、ne _ is interested in listening to the ballgame.答案who/that分析句子结构知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词one, 指人且在从句中作主语，故填who/that。2English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of _ uses it differently.答案which句意：英语是一种被好几种不同的文化都使用的语言，而且每一种文化使用它的方式也不同。设空处前后两部分之间既没有并列连词也没有从属连词，故后面部分应为定语从句，又因为先行词是cultures，且关系
15、词在定语从句中作介词of的宾语，所以填which。3A company _ profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.答案whose句意：从国内市场得到的利润正在下降的公司可以去国外寻找机会。本题考查定语从句。先行词为company，将先行词代入定语从句后为：The companys profits from home markets are declining.由此可见关系词在定语从句中作定语，故填whose。4Well reach the sales targets in a month _ we set at the beginning of the year.答案which/that句意：一个月以后我们将会达到年初所定的销售目标。在本句中，先行词是the sales targets，关系代词在定语从句中作set的宾语，所以填关系代词which/that。5
