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1、起重机钢丝绳长度必须保证吊钩降到最低位置刖言preface门座式起重机是港口装卸作业的重要设备，担负着重要的件货和 散货等装卸任务，由于门座式起重机本身具有良好的性能，所以港口 使用较为广泛。门座起重机是随着港口事业的发展而发展起来的。1890年，第一次将幅度不可变的固定式可旋转臂架型起重机装在横 跨于窄码头上方的运行式半门座上，成为早期的港用半门座起重机随 着码头宽度的加大，门座和半门座起重机并列发展，并普遍采用俯仰 臂架和水平变幅系统。本文从几个方面，谈谈门座式起重机的安全使 用问题。Portal crane is an important equipment of port loadin
2、g and unloading operation, shoulders the important pieces of cargo and bulk cargo loading and unloading task, because the portal crane itself has good performance, so the port used more widely. Door crane is developed with the development of the port. In 1890, for the first time will be immutable fi
3、xed amplitude can rotate boom cranes used in across the narrow at the top of the pier operation type half door seat, as early as a port with half door crane wharf width increases, the door and half door crane joint development, and generally used luffing boom luffing system and level. In this paper,
4、 from several aspects, talk about the safe use of portal crane.2.门座式起重机门的分类2. The classification of the portal crane gate门座式起重机门按用途可分为3类：Portal crane gate according to use can be divided into three categories:2.1装卸用门座起重机2.1 loading and unloading crane with door主要用于港口和露天堆料场，用抓斗或吊钩装卸。起重量一般不 限吨数，随幅度变化。
5、工作速度较高，故生产率常是重要指标。Mainly used for outdoor stocking yard, port and grab or hook load and unload. Lifting weight, generally no tonnage, along with the amplitude changes. Working speed is higher, so the productivity is often important indicators.2.2造船用门座起重机2.2 shipbuilding crane with door主要用于船台、浮船坞和舣装现
6、场，进行船体拼接、设备舣装等 吊装工作，用吊钩作为吊具。最大起重量达300吨，幅度大时起重量 相应减小。有多档起升速度，吊重轻时可提高起升速度。有些工作机 构还备有微动装置，以满足安装要求。门座高度大者，可适应大起升 高度和大幅度作业的要求，但工作速度较低，作业生产率不高。Is mainly used in shipbuilding, dock and fitting-out scene, carries on the hull splicing, fitting-out equipment hoisting work, with hook as a spreader. Maximum wei
7、ght of 300 tons, at the time of its large range corresponding decrease in weight. How much gear hoisting speed, hoisting weight lifting speed can be improved. Some work institutions also have micro devices, in order to meet the installation requirements. Door head high, can adapt to the requirement
8、of large hoisting height and large assignments, but the work speed is low, work productivity is not high.2.3建筑安装用门座起重机2.3 building installation crane with door主要用在水电站进行大坝浇灌、设备和预制件吊装等，一般用吊 钩。起重量和工作速度一般介于前两类起重机之间。它具有整机装拆 运输性好、吊具下放深度大、能较好地适应临时性工作和栈桥上工作 等的特点。Mainly used in hydropower station dam water,
9、lifting equipment and fabrication, generally with the hook. Lifting weight and speed of work generally between two types of crane before. It has good transport installation, hook down deep, can well adapt to the characteristics of temporary work and work on pier, etc.3.门座式起重机门常见起重机事故伤害3. The door of
10、 the portal crane crane accident injuries are common3.1重物坠落的打击伤害3.1 the weight falling against damage重物坠落原因有多种，常见原因有吊具或吊装容器损坏、物件捆 绑不牢而松散或滑落、挂钩不当发生脱钩、电磁吸盘突然失电导致吸 吊的物料坠落等。起升机构的零件发生故障或损坏(特别是制动器失 灵、钢丝绳或吊钩断裂等)都可能引发重物坠落的危险。另外，重物 坠落还可能由于吊装的危险物料引发二次伤害。例如，高温液体金属， 易燃易爆、有毒、有腐蚀等危险品，它们都可能因物料的物理、化学 特性导致烫伤、粉尘伤害、有毒
11、物伤害等。Falling weight for various reasons, common hoisting container spreader or damaged reasons, objects bound not fast and loose or slide, hook decoupling, magnetic chuck suddenly lose electric leads to suck dicks falling material, etc. Of lifting mechanism parts failure or damage (especially the br
12、ake failure, or hook wire rope fracture, etc.) are likely to be a serious risk of falling weight. In addition, heavy objects fall may be due to the hoisting of dangerous materials cause secondary damage. High temperature liquid metal, for example, flammable and explosive, toxic, corrosive, dangerous
13、 goods, they could burn caused by physical and chemical properties of materials, dust damage, toxins, etc.3.2起重机丧失稳定性3.2 crane lose stability起重机失稳可能有两种情况：一是由于操作不当(例如超载、臂 架变幅或旋转过快等)、支腿未找平或地基沉陷等原因，导致起重机 由于力矩不平衡而倾翻；二是由于坡度或风载荷作用，使起重机沿倾 斜路面或轨道滑动，发生不应有的位移、脱轨或翻倒。Crane instability may have two situations: o
14、ne is due to improper operation (e.g., overload, boom luffing or rotate too fast, etc.), leg not leveling or foundation subsidence and so on reasons, led to the crane overturning due to unbalanced moment; 2 it is because the slope or the wind load, makes the crane sliding along a sloping road or pat
15、h, there should be no displacement, derailment or tip over.3.3金属结构的破坏3.3 the destruction of the metal structure庞大的金属结构是各类桥架起重机、塔式起重机和门座起重机的 重要构成部分，作为整台起重机的骨架，不仅承载起重机的自重和吊 重，而且构架了起重作业的立体空间。由于起重机的金属结构组成不 同，金属结构破坏形式往往也不同，例如，桥式起重机和门式起重机 的主梁下挠度标或支腿垮塌，塔式起重机和门座起重机的坠臂、倒塔 等。金属结构的破坏常常会导致严重伤害，甚至群死群伤的恶果。Large m
16、etal structure of bridge crane, tower crane, and constitute the important part of the door crane, as the framework of the whole crane, not only carries the weight of crane and hoisting, and frame the three-dimensional space of the lifting operation. Differ as a result of crane metal structure, metal structure damage form is often different, for example, bridge crane and gantry crane girder deflection under the collapsed or leg
