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1、牛津9A Unit 1 重点词汇解析江苏 李建高1. divide【解析】divide作及物动词,意为“划分,分”。如:Here the river divides into two branches. 这条河在这里分成两条支流。divide作不及物动词,常用于短语dived by“除以”和divide into“除”中。如:40 divided by 8 is 5. 40除以8等于5。5 divides into 40 8 times. 5除40得8。【练一练】选择填空。The year _ four seasons.A. is divided by B. has divided inC.
2、divides into D. is divided into2. patient【解析】patient 作形容词,意为“耐心的,忍耐的”,在句中做定语和表语。be patient with表示“对有耐心”。如:He is a patient man. 他是一个很有耐心的男人。The doctor is patient with me when I was ill. 医生在我生病的日子里对我很有耐心。【知识链接】patient 还可以作名词,表示“病人”,在句中作宾语。如:The doctor operated on the patient at once and saved his life
3、. 医生立即给病人实施手术,挽救了他的生命。【练一练】选择填空。The nurse is always patient _ her patients.A. to B. atC. for D. with3. save【解析】save作动词,意为“储蓄,积攒”。save money for 表示“为存钱”。如:I am not good at saving. 我不擅长攒钱。He is saving money for a new bicycle. 他正在攒钱买一辆新自行车。save作动词,还可表示“挽救;节省;保留;收藏”等意思。如:A young man saved a little girl
4、from falling into the water. 一个青年救起了眼看要落入水中的女孩。Well take a taxi to save time. 我们乘出租车,好节省时间。Mother has saved some food for you. 妈妈给你留了点吃的。Ive saved one hundred stamps. 我已经收藏了一百张邮票了。【练一练】根据汉语提示,完成句子。(1)她在银行中存了许多钱。She _ _ a lot of money in the bank.(2)他试图挽救他们的婚姻。Hes _ _ _ their marriage.4. argue【解析】arg
5、ue作不及物动词,意为“辩论,争论”。argue with / again sb. about / on sth. 表示“与某人辩论某事”。argue的名词形式是argument。如:We argued with the waiter about the price of the meal. (= We had an argument with the waiter about the price of the meal.) 我们跟服务员争执那顿饭的价钱。Daniel often argues with his classmates about questions. 丹尼尔经常跟他的同学争论问
6、题。【练一练】选择填空。(1)Tony, dont argue _ your grandmother. Its impolite.A. with B. aboutC. for D. against(2)He argued _ Mary _ the best place for a holiday.A. to; about B. with; aboutC. to; on D. with; on5. dream【解析】dream作形容词,意为“梦想中的,理想的”。如:What is your dream home like? 你理想的家是什么样子的?dream作名词,表示“梦;梦想”。have a
7、 (n) dream表示“做一个梦”。如:He had a strange dream last night. 昨天晚上他做了一个奇怪的梦。dream作动词,意为“做梦,梦见;梦想,向往”,它的过去式和过去分词有dreamed和dreamt两种形式。dream of / about (doing) sth. 表示“梦想(见)做某事”。如:The boy dreams of becoming a pilot. 那孩子一心想当个飞行员。I dreamt that I was flying in the sky. 我梦见自己在空中飞翔。【练一练】根据汉语提示,完成句子。(1)她经常梦想着成为一名歌手
8、。She often _ _ becoming a singer.(2)她从恶梦中醒来。She woke up in the middle of _ _ _.6. explain【解析】explain作及物动词时,后面既可接名词或代词作宾语,又可接从句和不定式结构作宾语。explain sth. to sb. 表示“向某人解释/说明某事”。如:Its difficult to explain the problem. 要解释这个问题很难。He explained to Mr Wu why he was late. 他向吴老师解释了他迟到的原因。Please explain where to b
9、egin and how to do it. 请解释一下从哪儿开始,该怎么做。Please explain this rule to me. 请把这条规则解释给我听。另外,explain还可以用于被动结构中。如:This can be easily explained. 这点很容易解释。【知识链接】explain的名词是explanation。如:She demanded an explanation. 她要求给出一个解释。【练一练】根据汉语提示,完成句子。(1)他详细地向我们说明了他的计划。He _ his plan _ us in details.(2)我被要求解释这个句子的意思。I wa
10、s asked _ _ the meaning of the sentence.7. awake【解析】awake作形容词,意为“醒着的”,反义词是asleep。它在句中常作表语,也可作后置定语。wide awake表示“完全醒着,没有睡意”。如:Is he awake or asleep? 他是醒着还是睡着了?Anyone awake heard the sound. 任何醒着的人都听到了那个声音。She is wide awake. 她毫无睡意。【知识链接】wake作动词,意为“醒;醒来”。wake up表示“叫醒;醒来”。如:I woke up very early this morni
11、ng. 我今天早上醒得很早。【练一练】根据汉语提示,完成句子。(1)交通噪音使我无法入睡。The noise of the traffic _ me _.(2)别忘了六点之前把他叫醒。Dont forget to _ _ _ before six oclock.8. lively【解析】lively作形容词,意为“活泼的,生气勃勃的”。如:Mr Wangs lessons are always lively and interesting. 王老师的课总是生动有趣。The marketplace was lively with vendors. 集市上熙熙攘攘,小贩忙忙碌碌。【词语辨析】liv
12、ely & living & live & alivelively意为“生动的;活泼的;有生气的”, 还可引申为“强烈的;敏锐的;紧张的;鲜艳的”,可作定语(前置)、表语、主补、宾补。如: The lecture is very lively. 这个讲座很生动。 He makes his class lively. 他使得他的课生动形象。 living意为“活着的;现存的”,还可引申为“生动的;逼真的;栩栩如生的”,常用来指某人在某种时候是活着的,常作表语、主补、宾补和前置定语,多用于指物。如: So far man hasnt found any living things on the m
13、oon. 迄今人类在月球上还没有发现生物。live意为“活生生的”,强调不是假想的,还可引申为“有现实意义的;带电的;燃烧的;未爆炸的”,还可作“实况转播的”解。一般作定语;只修饰物;不修饰人。如: Live fish are much more expensive than dead ones. 活鱼比死鱼价钱贵。The live football match is on TV soon. 电视即将现场直播那场比赛。alive意为“活着的”,还可引申为“有活力的;有生气的;活跃的”,常作表语、宾补、主补及后置定语,多用于指人。如: Is the fish dead or alive? 这鱼是
14、死的,还是活的? There arent many pandas alive in the world today. 目前世界上活着的熊猫数量不多。 【练一练】用lively, living, live或alive填空。(1)There are more than 200 _ languages in the world today.(2)Luckily, he was still _ when he was found.(3)The scientists decided to do an experiment on those _ mice.(4)How _ the Chinese pain
15、tings are!9. mark【解析】mark作名词,意为“分数”。full marks表示“满分”;pass mark表示“及格分等”。如:The highest mark is A. 最高分数是A。Zhang Ming got full marks in the exam. 张明在这次考试中得了满分。mark也可作动词,意为“做标记;打分数”。如:He tried to mark all of the large cities on the map. 他试图在地图上把所有的大城市都标出来。Please mark my examination paper first. 请先批改我的试卷。【练一练】英汉互译。(1)这个男孩在测