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2、n American National StandardStandard Test Method forAlkalinity in Brackish Water, Seawater, and Brines1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3875; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last rev
3、ision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of alkalinity in brackish water, seawater, and brines.1.2 This standard does not p
4、urport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standar
5、ds:D 1129 Terminology Relating to Water2D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water2D 3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Con- duits2D 5847 Practice for Writing Quality Control Specifications for Standard Test Methods for Water Analysis3E 200 Practice for Preparation, Standardization, and Stor-
6、 age of Standard and Reagent Solutions for Chemical Analysis43. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D 1129.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 An electrotitrator or pH meter is used to determine the amount of acid necessary to reach pH 8.1 and 4
7、.5, respectively. The pH values approximate the points where the hydroxide and bicarbonate ions are neutralized.5. Significance and Use5.1 Alkalinity as carbonate and bicarbonate of saline water is very important in chemical waterflooding or tertiary recov- ery processes for recovering petroleum. Al
8、kaline waters offer better wetting to the formation rock and improve oil release. Asan additional benefit, ions that provide alkalinity adsorb onrock surfaces occupying adsorption sites and decrease the loss of recovery chemical by adsorption. Determination of alkalin- ity in waters used in tertiary
9、 recovery processes is therefore very important.5.2 An alkalinity value is necessary in the calculation of carbonate scaling tendencies of saline waters. It is also neces- sary to determine the alkalinity if the ionic balance of a water analysis is to be used as a check of the reliability of the ana
10、lysis.6. Interferences6.1 Anions other than bicarbonate, carbonate, or hydroxide ions that form weakly dissociated acids that participate in hydrolysis reactions may also contribute to the alkalinity as may some organic materials. The user of this test method on determining the alkalinity is caution
11、ed that all the effects of the anions entering into hydrolysis reactions are combined and reported as an equivalent amount of a single substance or two postulated ions. Included in the reported value is the alkalinity resulting from the presence of borate, silicate, sulfide, and phosphate. The effec
12、t of borate on the alkalinity value is considered negligible for waters with pH values of 7 or less.7. Apparatus7.1 Electrotitrator or Standard pH Meter with suitable electrodes. Maintenance and standardization of electrodes and pH meter should follow manufacturers instructions because performance c
13、an be affected by improper treatment.7.2 Buret, 10-mL micro.8. Reagents8.1 Purity of ReagentsReagent grade chemicals shall be used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that all reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit- tee on Analytical Reagents of the American
14、Chemical Society,5 where such specifications are available. Other grades may be used, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Waterand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.05 on Inorganic Constituents in
15、 Water.Current edition approved Aug. 10, 2003. Published September 2003. Originally approved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as D 3875 97.2 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01.3 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.02.4 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.05.5 Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, AmericanChemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents not listed by the American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards fo
