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1、2022年考博英语-中国矿业大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题My second claim concerns individual differences. Owing to the accidents of（ ）,environment, and their interaction, no two of us exhibit the same intelligence in precisely the same proportions.问题1选项A.heredityB.heirC.heritageD.supplement【答案】A【解析】名词辨析题。heredity “遗传，
2、遗传性”；heir “继承人，后嗣”； heritage “遗产，传统，继承权”；supplement “补充，补充物，附录”。根据句意我的第二个声称关于个人差异。由于（ ）、环境及它们之间的相互作用， 我们中没有两个人以恰好同样的比例显示同样的智力。 确定A选项heredity “遗传，遗传性”的正确。2. 翻译题许多国际体育比赛的业余组织者经常抱怨说，体育道德已不复存在了。他们把体育方面 出现的向题全部归咎于日益增长的职业化。他们震惊地看到，现在有些运动员把赛跑当工作， 参加赛跑就要得到报酬。他们宣称，当现代奥林匹克运动会兴起时，运动员觉得参加比赛本 身就是一种奖励，别无他求了。事实上如此
3、崇高的理想向来只是一种愿望而已，同现实从来就没有多少关系。1900年 和1904年的两届奧运会就和商业有着密切的关系，因为当时就是为国际贸易会招徕顾客而举办那两次奥运会的。这些比赛组织者们有时忽视的一点是，任何想成为奥运冠军的人必须 牺牲业余吋间，可能还得中断学业，动员们想得到一些实惠的奖赏，也就不足为奇了。【答案】Many amateur organizers of international sporting events often complain that sportsmanship no longer exists. They blamed the growing professi
4、onalism for all the problems in sports. They were shocked to see that some athletes now treat running a race as their job. They should get paid for running a race. With the rise of the modern Olympic games, they claim, athletes felt rewarded for their participation and wanted nothing more.In fact, s
5、uch a lofty ideal has always been just a desire, having nothing to do with the reality. The Olympic games of 1900 and 1904 were closely associated with commerce because they were held to drum up customers for international trade. What the organizers sometimes fail to realize is that anyone who wants
6、 to become an Olympic champion must sacrifice his spare time and possibly take a break from his studies. So Its no surprise that athletes want some tangible rewards.3. 单选题Another trend of the 1990s in the computer industry is toward multimedia formats, as the market for conventional types of compute
7、r those that have computation and data processing as their major functions has begun to become saturated. Multimedia computers are systems that can process graphics, sound, video, and animation in addition to traditional data processing, Videocassette recorders, televisions, telephones, and audiocas
8、sette players have recently undergone a change in technology from analog to digital formats. Television images, for example, can be processed by computer programs once they have been converted to digital signals, while those in conventional analog signals cannot. In other words, digital video images
9、 can be zoomed up or down, reshaped, or rearranged by the appropriate software. Also, due to advances in video-signal compression technology, the memory space required for storing a video program has been greatly reduced.Multimedia has important applications for consumer products and for business ne
10、eds. Video scenes that are captured by camcorders can be combined with text, sound, and data and can be viewed on television sets in homes, schools, or offices. These multimedia presentations are becoming useful educational and commercial tools. For example, there are available encyclopedias that co
11、ntain video programs depicting animal behavior, geoinorphic processing, and other natural phenomena. Automobile mechanics can watch videos that demonstrate how to repair new models. In business applications, documents can be annotated with voice or video. New consumer products can be more effectivel
12、y marketed by demonstrating how they can be used. CD-ROMs of numerous other subjects have been recently published; all of them can be viewed on TV monitors using multimedia computers. These multimedia computer systems can, in turn, be incorporated into computer networks, enhancing the effectiveness
13、of communication.This multitude of new products and capabilities has been made possible by the tremendous progress of microprocessor technology. Because of the advances in this area, personal computers have become more powerful, smaller, and less expensive, which has enabled computer networks to pro
14、liferate. Many of the tasks that were traditionally performed by mainframes have been transferred to personal computers connected to communications networks. Although the mainframe, continues to be produced and serves a useful purpose, it has been used more often as one of many different computers a
15、nd peripheral devices connected to computer networks. In this new role, the function of mainframes as powerful processors of database systems is becoming important, and, as a result, massively parallel computers with hundreds or thousands of microprocessors are being produced. In addition to being p
16、owerful, the microprocessors used for this purpose must be inexpensive but low costs can be achieved only if they are mass-produced. Throughout the world, more than 100, 000, 000 personal computers and 500, 000 workstations are in use, whereas only several hundred supercomputers are in operation; the numbers of mainframes and minicomputers fall somewhere between those of supercomputers and workstations. Be
