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1、2022年考博英语-西安建筑科技大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Factors leading to the crisis included poor regulation, mismanagemet and deception in the industry, and competition from other types of financial firms.问题1选项A.pollutionB.cheatingC.abuseD.unemployment【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。deception“欺骗，欺诈”；A选项pollution“污染”；B选项cheating
2、“行骗，欺诈”；C选项“abuse滥用；虐待；恶习”；D选项unemployment“失业；失业人数”。句意：导致危机的因素包括监管不力、管理不善和行业欺诈，以及来自其他类型金融公司的竞争。deception有“欺诈的”意思，因此B项正确。2. 单选题The reference she made to her friend, the poet, was interesting but too（ ）for anyone to appreciate.问题1选项A.drasticB.dullC.obscureD.distinct【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项drastic“激烈的；猛烈的”
3、；B选项dull“钝的；迟钝的；无趣的；呆滞的”；C选项obscure“昏暗的；晦涩的；不清楚的；隐蔽的”；D选项distinct“明显的；独特的；清楚的；有区别的”。句意：她对她诗人朋友的提及尽管令人关注，但是却太晦涩而没有人能理解。根据句中“but too但是却太”可知“晦涩的”符合语境，因此C选项正确。3. 单选题They are meticulous in work, well aware a careless mistake will cost the company millions of pounds.问题1选项A.rather casualB.pretty slowC.very
4、 carefullyD.really considerate【答案】C【解析】考查形容词和词组辨析。meticulous“小心翼翼的；A选项rather casual“非常随便的”；B选项pretty slow“相当慢的”；C选项very carefully“非常小心地”；D选项really considerate“确实体贴的”。句意：在工作中，他们小心翼翼，很清楚一个粗心的错误将花费公司数百万英镑。由题干中的“well aware很清楚”可知meticulous在这里为“小心翼翼的”的意思，因此C选项正确。4. 单选题What you have done is（ ）the doctors o
5、rders.问题1选项A.attached toB.resistant toC.responsible toD.contrary to【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项be attached to“喜爱；附属于；B选项be resistant to“抵抗的；对有反抗作用的”；C选项be responsible to“对负责”；D选项be contrary to“相反；与相反”。句意：你所做的事情违反了医生的嘱咐。根据句中“the doctors orders医生的嘱咐”可知“违反”符合语境，因此D选项正确。5. 不定项选择题Most Americans believe that our s
6、ociety of consumption-happy, fun-living, jet-traveling people creates the greatest happiness for the greatest number. Contrary to this view, I believe that our present way of life leads to increasing anxiety, helplessness and, eventually, to the disintegration of our culture. I refuse to identify fu
7、n with pleasure, excitement with joy, business with happiness, or the faceless, buck-passing “organization man” with an independent individual.From this critical view our rates of alcoholism, suicide and divorce, as well as juvenile delinquency, gang rule, acts of violence and indifference to life,
8、are characteristic symptoms of our “pathology of normalcy”. It may be argued that all these pathological phenomena exist because we have not yet reached our aim, that of an affluent society. It is true, we are still far from being an affluent society. But the material progress made in the last decad
9、es allows us to hope that our system might eventually produce a materially affluent society. Yet will we be happier then? The example of Sweden, one of the most prosperous, democratic and peaceful European countries, is not very encouraging: Sweden, as is often pointed out, in spite of all its mater
10、ial security has among the highest alcoholism and suicide rates in Europe, while a much poorer country like Ireland ranks among the lowest in these respects. Could it be that our dream that material welfare per se leads to happiness is just a pipe dream?Certainly the humanist thinkers of the eightee
11、nth and nineteenth centuries, who are our ideological ancestors, thought that the goal of life was the full unfolding of a persons potentialities, what mattered to them was the person who is much, not the one who has much or uses much. For them economic production was a means to the unfolding of man
12、, not an end. It seems that today the means have become ends, that not only “God is dead” as Nietzsche said in the nineteenth century, but also man is dead; that what is alive are the organizations, the machines; and that man has become their slave rather than being their master.Each society creates
13、 its own type of personality by its way of bringing up children in the family, by its system of education, by its effective values (that is those values that are rewarded rather than only preached). Every society creates the type of “social character” which is needed for its proper functioning. It f
14、orms men who want to do what they have to do. What kind of men does our large-scale, bureaucratized industrialism need?It needs men who cooperate smoothly in large groups, who want to consume more and more, and whose tastes are standardized and can be easily influenced and anticipated. It needs men
15、who feel free and independent, yet who are willing to be commanded, to do what is expected, to fit into the social machine without friction; men who can be guided without force, led without leaders, prompted without an aim except the aim to be on the move, to function, to go ahead.1. The author uses the example of Sweden in the second paragraph to show that （ ）.2. Compared with thinkers of the 18th and 19th centuries, people today （ ）.3. It can be inferred from the 3rd paragraph that （ ）.4. According to the author, which type of individual might be most welcome in todays society?5.
