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1、一、 词义的选择和引申技巧词义选择1、根据词在句中的词类来选择和确定词义 They are as like as two peas.他们相似极了。（形容词） He likes mathematics more than physics.他喜欢数学甚于喜欢物理。（动词） Wheat, oat, and the like are cereal.小麦、燕麦等等皆系谷类。（名词）A recent British study of five large collections totaling 546 objects, for instance, determined that 82 percent o
2、f the objects were suspect. （0703） 2、根据上下文联系以及词在句中的搭配关系来选择和确定词义。 He is the last man to come.他是最后来的。 He is the last person for such a job.他最不配干这个工作。 He should be the last man to blame.怎么也不该怪他。 This is the last place where I expected to meet you.我怎么也没料到会在这个地方见到你。A recent British study of five large co
3、llections totaling 546 objects, for instance, determined that 82 percent of the objects were suspect. （0703） 词义引申1、词义转译。当我们遇到一些无法直译或不宜直译的词或词组时，应根据上下文和逻辑关系，引伸转译。 The energy of the sun comes to the earth mainly as light and heat.太阳能主要以光和热的形式传到地球。 Are you swayed by their appearance? （0803）2、词义具体化。根据汉语的
4、表达习惯，把原文中某些词义较笼统的词引申为词义较具体的词。 The last stage went higher and took the Apollo into orbit round the earth.最后一级火箭升得更高，把“阿波罗号”送进围绕地球运行的轨道。 3、词义抽象化。根据汉语的表达习惯，把原文中某些词义较具体的词引申为词义较抽象的词，或把词义较形象的词引申为词义较一般的词。 Every life has its roses and thorns.每个人的生活都有甜有苦。 二、 词类转译技巧 1、转译成动词。英语中的某些名词、介词、副词，翻译时可转译成汉语中的动词。 In Ch
5、ina, there is a lot of emphasis on politeness.在中国，人们非常注重礼貌。 2、转译成名词。英语中的某些动词、形容词，翻译时可转换成汉语中的名词。The doctor did his best to cure the sick and the wounded. 医生尽了最大的努力来治疗病号和伤员。 The gap between rich and poor is bigger than in any other advanced country, but most people are unconcerned. 3、转译成形容词。 Our perfo
6、rmance is a success. 我们的演出很成功。4、转译成副词。英语中的某些名词、形容词，翻译时可转译成汉语中的副词。 When he catches a glimpse of a potential antagonist, his instinct is to win him over with charm and humor.只要一发现有可能反对他的人，他就本能地要用他的魅力和风趣将这些人争取过来。 三、增词技巧 1、根据意义上或修辞上的需要，可增加下列七类词。 Flowers bloom all over the yard.朵朵鲜花满院盛开。（增加表示名词复数的词） Afte
7、r the banquets, the concerts and the table tennis exhibitor, he went home tiredly.在参加宴会、出席音乐会、观看乒乓球表演之后，他疲倦地回到了家里。（增加动词） He sank down with his face in his hands.他两手蒙着脸，一屁股坐了下去。（增加副词） I had known two great social systems.那是以前，他就经历过两大社会制度。（增加表达时态的词） As for me, I didnt agree from the very beginning.我呢，
8、从一开始就不赞成。（增加语气助词） The article summed up the new achievements made in electronic computers, artificial satellites and rockets.本文总结了电子计算机、人造卫星和火箭这三方面的新成就。（增加概括词）2、根据句法上的需要增补一批词汇。 Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; writing an exact man. 读书使人充实,讨论使人机智,写作使人准确. (增补原文句子中所省略的动词) All bodies on
9、 the earth are known to possess weight. 大家都知道地球上的一切物质都肯定有重量。（增补被动句中泛指性的词） 四、减词技巧When a man loves a woman, he cant keep his mind. （泛指省略）University applicants who had worked at a job would receive preference over those who had not.报考大学的人，有工作经验的优先录取。（啰嗦省略）There was still the faith that ordinary men are greater than the powers of nature or the mechanism of mans hands and will master them all in the end. 人们仍然具有这种信念：普通人要比自然的力量或人类造出来的机器更伟大，而且最终会控制它们。
