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1、2022年考博英语-北京航空航天大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题To compensate for the substantial decline in the availability of fossil fuels in future years, we will have to provide at least（ ）alternative energy source.问题1选项A.an anticipatedB.an officialC.an equivalentD.a redundant【答案】C【解析】形容词辨析。句意：为了弥补未来几年中矿物燃料供应量的大幅度下降，
2、我们不得不提供一种至少是 （ ）的替代能源。anticipated预期的，期望的；official官方的，正式的，公务的；equivalent等价的，相等的；redundant多余的，过剩的。C选项“相等的”符合句意。2. 单选题The plan for the new office tower went ahead（ ）of local opposition.问题1选项A.on accountB.in the lightC.outD.regardless【答案】D【解析】句意：新建办公楼的计划已经提前启动， 当地居民的反对。on account 因为；in the light 因为，依据；o
3、ut 出于；regardless 不管。根据后半句，当地居民反对，还是提前启动了计划，因此选D。3. 单选题Perfect certainty belongs only to the gods； the rest of us have to make do with science and its（ ）.问题1选项A.imperfectionsB.conclusionsC.methodologiesD.hyperbole【答案】A【解析】名词辨析。句意：完美只属于上帝，其余的我们必须用科学弥补 。imperfections 不完美；conclusions 结论；methodologies 方法
4、论；hyperbole 夸张。故选A。4. 单选题His ideas are invariably condemned as（ ）by his colleagues.问题1选项A.imaginativeB.ingeniousC.impracticalD.theoretical【答案】C【解析】句意：他的想法总是被同事们认为（ ） 。condemn意为“谴责，反对”，表明其后的形容词应为贬义词。A选项imaginative想象的，虚构的；B选项ingenious聪明的，精巧的；C选项impractical不切实际的，不实用的；D选项theoretical理论上的。C选项impractical符合
5、句意和逻辑。5. 单选题The town planning commission said that their financial outlook for the next year was optimistic.They expect increased tax（ ）.问题1选项A.efficiencyB.revenuesC.privilegesD.validity【答案】B【解析】名词辨析。句意：城镇规划委员会对他们下一年的经济前景持乐观态度。他们期盼税收增加。efficiency效率；revenue税收，收益；privilege特权；validity有效性。tax revenue表示“
6、税收”，是常用词组。故本题选B。6. 翻译题Bacteria（细菌）, like people, can be divided into friend and foe. 81.Inspired by evidence that the friendly sort may help with a range of ailments（疾病）, many people consume bacteria in the form of yogurts and dietary supplements. Such a smattering of artificial additions, however,
7、represents but a drop in the ocean. There are at least 800 types of bacteria living in the human gut. And research by Steven Gill of the Institute for Genomic Research in Rockville, Maryland, and his colleagues, published in this weeks Science, suggests that the collective genome of these organisms
8、is so large that it contains 100 times as many genes as the human genome itself.Dr Gill and his team were able to come to this conclusion by extracting bacterial DNA from the faeces （粪便）of two volunteers. 82.Because of the complexity of the samples, they were not able to reconstruct the entire genom
9、es（基因组）of each of the gut bacteria, just the individual genes. But that allowed them to make an estimate of numbers.What all these bacteria are doing is tricky to identifythe bacteria themselves are difficult to cultivate. 83.So the researchers guessed at what they might be up to by comparing the ge
10、nes they discovered with published databases of genes whose functions are already known.84.This comparison helped Dr Gill identify for the first time the probableenzymatic（酶（性）的）processes by which bacteria help humans to digest the complexcarbohydrates in plants. The bacteria also contain a plentifu
11、l supply of genes involved in the synthesis of chemicals essential to human lifeincluding two B vitamins and certain essential amino acidsalthough the team merely showed that these metabolic pathways exist rather than proving that they are used. Nevertheless, the pathways they found leave humans loo
12、king more like ruminants: animals such as goats and sheep that use bacteria to break down otherwise indigestible matter in the plants they eat.The broader conclusion Dr Gill draws is that people are superorganisms whose metabolism represents an amalgamation of human and microbial attributes. The not
13、ion ofa superorganism has emerged before, as researchers in other fields have come to view humans as having a diverse internal ecosystem. 85.This, suggest some, will be crucial to the success of personalised medicine, as different people will have different responses to drugs, depending on their mic
14、robial flora.（微生物群落） Accordingly, the next step, says Dr Gill, is to see how microbial populations vary between people of different ages, backgrounds and diets.Another area of research is the process by which these helpful bacteria first colonize the digestive tract. Babies acquire their gut flora a
15、s they pass down the birth canal and take a gene-filled gulp of their mothers vaginal and faecal flora. It might not be the most delicious of first meals, but it could well be an important one.Read the following passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.【答案】81. 有益菌可以帮助人们治疗多种疾病，受此启发，很多人通过使用酸乳食品和各种补品的办法吸收细菌。然而，这种人为补充细菌的做法是极其肤浅的。82. 由于样本的复杂性，吉尔博士及其研究组人员还不能构建出肠道内细菌的完整基因组，而只能构建出单体基因。不过，这也可以使他们对整体数量作出估算。83. 因此，研究人员只能将发现的基因和那些功能已经研究清楚的基因的公开数据库进行比较，从而猜测可能得到的研究结果。84. 这种比较帮助吉尔博士第一次确定了可能存在的
