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1、2022年考博英语-西南大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题Doing research will be much easier if you have someone to bounce ideas off and to give you（ ） in the entire process.问题1选项A.rewardB.insuranceC.interestD.feedback【答案】D【解析】考察名词词义辨析。reward “报酬，奖金”；insurance “保险”；interest “兴趣”；feedback “反馈”。句意：如果你有个人可以拿出主意并且整个过程都给你反馈
2、意见，那么，做研究要容易很多。选项D符合题意。2. 单选题If something （ ）, it gradually develops and changes over a period of time into something different and usually more advanced.问题1选项A.revolvesB.evolvesC.resolvesD.involves【答案】B【解析】考察动词词义辨析。 revolve “旋转”；evolve “逐步发展，逐步演变”；resolve “决定，决心”；involve “牵涉”。句意：如果某些事物进化，逐渐发展经过一段时间
3、变为其他的事物，通常更高级些。选项B符合题意。3. 翻译题Translate the following short paragraphs into English理性的、勤劳的、有用的人可以分为两类：对第一类人而言，工作就是工作，娱乐 就是娱乐；对第二类人而言，工作和娱乐是相结合的。前者占多数。他们可以得到相应的报酬。在办公室或工厂里长时间的工作，不仅能够带给他们维持生计的金钱，还带给他们一种渴求娱乐的强烈欲望，哪怕这种娱乐消遣是以最简单、最单纯的方式进行的。 而第二类人则是命运的宠儿，他们的生活自然而和谐。在他们的眼里，工作时间永远不够多，每天都是假期；而真正的假日到来时，他们总会抱怨自己
4、有趣的休假被强行中断。事实上，有一些东西对于这两类人来说都十分必要，那就是变换一下角度，改变一下环境，尝试做点不同的事情。实际上，那些把工作看作娱乐的人可能需要以某种方式将工作不时地从自己的大脑里赶出去。【答案】Rational, industrious and useful man can be classified into two groups: for the first group, work is work and entertainment is entertainment; for the second group, work and entertainment are one
5、. The former group are the majority. They have their corresponding payment. The long hours in the office or the factory bring enough money to support family, as well as a strong desire to obtain pleasure, even in its simplest and more modest forms. The second group are Fortunes favored children. The
6、ir life is a natural harmony. For them the working hours are never long enough. Each day is a holiday, and when ordinary holidays come, they always complain that their interesting holidays are interrupted forcibly.In fact, it is essential for both two groups to change the outlook, atmosphere and env
7、ironment and try something different. Indeed, those who regard work as entertainment should banish work from their minds in some way.4. 单选题The United Nations Conference on Drug Abuse, which took place earlier this year in Vienna, was a very （ ）meeting.问题1选项A.productiveB.overwhelmingC.compulsoryD.pro
8、tective【答案】A【解析】考察形容词词义辨析。productive “多产的，富有成效的”；overwhelming “压倒性的”；compulsory “强制的”；protective “保护的”。句意：今年早些时候联合国在维也纳召开的滥用药品大会取得了相当大的成果。选项A符合题意。5. 单选题It is necessary that he（ ）the assignment without delay.问题1选项A.hand inB.hands inC.must hand inD.has to hand in【答案】A【解析】考察it is necessary + that固定句型的用
9、法。固定句型：It is necessary + that （should）be+其他成分，选项A符合题意。6. 单选题Because folk art is neither completely rejected nor accepted as an art form by art historians, their final evaluations of it necessarily remain （ ）.问题1选项A.arbitraryB.estimableC.unspokenD.equivocal【答案】D【解析】考察形容词词义辨析。arbitrary “任意的，任性的”；estim
10、able “值得尊敬的”；unspoken “未说出口的，不言而喻的”；equivocal “模棱两可的，意义不确的”。句意：因为艺术家既不会完全否认也不接受民间艺术是一种艺术形式，他们关于它（民间艺术）的评论是模棱两可的。选项D符合题意。7. 单选题Steel is not as as （ ）cast iron; it does not break as easily问题1选项A.elasticB.brittleC.adaptableD.flexible【答案】B【解析】考察形容词词义辨析。elastic “有弹性的;灵活的;易伸缩的”； brittle“易碎的，易断裂的”；adaptabl
11、e “适合的; 能适应的”；flexible “灵活的；易弯曲的”。句意：钢不像铸铁那样脆，不容易断裂。选项B符合题意。8. 单选题His thoughts were （ ）from this painful topic by the sudden arrival of a neighbor.问题1选项A.attractedB.retractedC.distractedD.protracted【答案】C【解析】考察动词词义辨析。attract “吸引”；retract “撤销，撤回”；distract “分散”； protract “延长，伸出”。句意：以为邻居的突然到来分散了他的对于痛苦主题
12、的关注。选项C符合题意。9. 翻译题Read the following passage into ChineseThe railroad industry could not have grown as large as it did without steel. The first rails were made of iron. But iron rails were not strong enough to support heavy trains running at high speeds. Railroad executives wanted to replace them wi
13、th steel rails because steel was ten or fifteen times stronger and lasted twenty limes longer. Before the 1870s, however, steel was too expensive to be widely used. It was made by a slow and expensive process of heating, stirring, and reheating iron ore.Then the inventor Henry Bessemer discovered th
14、at directing a blast of air at melted iron in a furnace would bum out the impurities that made the iron brittle. As the air shot through the furnace, the bubbling metal would erupt in showers of sparks. When the fire cooled, the metal had been changed, or converted, to steel. The Bessemer converter
15、made possible the mass production of steel. Now three to five tons of iron could be changed into steel in a matter of minutes.【答案】没有钢铁，铁路工业不可能发展到今天的规模。第一段铁轨是铁做的。但是铁制铁轨还不够坚硬，承受不了沉重的火车高速运行。铁路高管们想用钢轨取代铁轨，因为钢比铁坚硬10-15倍，而且使用寿命是铁的20倍。然而，在19世纪70年代以前，钢由于太贵而没有得到广泛使用。钢的炼制过程漫长，并且成本高，首先要加热，然后搅拌，最后重新加热铁矿。后来亨利贝塞麦发现在炼铁的时候往熔炉里的铁水输送空气可以燃烧掉那些使铁易碎的杂志。因为空气进入熔炉时，熔浆便会喷出火花束。当火冷却后，铁就变成钢了。贝塞麦转炉的大规模使用使得钢的大规模生产成为可能。现在3-5吨铁转化成钢只要几分钟时间。10. 单选题
