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1、北京语言大学21秋汉语写作平时作业一参考答案1. 能使小说简洁、快速推进情节的叙述方式是( )。A.讲述式B.创造欲望C.议论式D.说明式参考答案：A2. Bill of Exchange The majority of international payments are made by way of bills of exchange eitheBill of ExchangeThe majority of international payments are made by way of bills of exchange either with or without a documen
2、tary credit. There are five parties to a bill of exchange : drawer, drawee, payee, acceptor and endorser.The drawer is the person who draws the bill and the drawee is the person( or firm) on whom the bill is drawn. The payee is the person or firm to whom the bill is payable and it is most frequently
3、 the drawer. The acceptor is the person who undertakes to pay the bill by writing his acceptance across the face of the bill. An acceptance is a legal undertaking to pay the amount of the bill. An endorser is a person who endorses a bill by signing his name on it(usually on the back).A bill is negot
4、iated when it is transferred from one person to another in such a way as toconstitute the transferee , the holder of the bill. A bearer bill is one that can be passed on by mere delivery. It is one that has been made out X days after date pay the bearer,etc. or one made out to a fictitious payee , o
5、r one which has been endorsed in blank,i. e. the last endorser has not given any instructions but merely signed his name. A bearer bill does not need to be endorsed by those who negotiate it , but to some extent it is less reliable than a bill with many endorsements. Bills which are not bearer bills
6、 are negotiated by endorsement and delivery. Those endorsing a bill as agents or representatives of a company can make this clear so that they are not personally liable.When a bill is presented for acceptance, the drawee should accept it, if he refuses to do so, claiming perhaps that he has not auth
7、orized the bill to be drawn and knows nothing about it, the bill is dishonored by non-acceptance. If a bill is presented for payment on the due date,and the acceptor refuses to pay it,then the bill is dishonored by non-payment. It is now necessary for the holder to take certain action to protect him
8、self. He must give notice of dishonor to the drawer and all other endorsers of the bill. In practice he usuaUy gives notice of the dishonor to the person from whom he obtained the bill , whogives notice to the person from whom he obtained it and the bill moves backwards towards the drawer. The proce
9、ss could be short-circuited if certain of the endorsers were famous names, for example accepting houses, whocouldeasily beapproacheddirectly to honor the bill. Eventually the drawer must honor it, and he will bring an action against the acceptor. If it is a foreign bill, he must protest the bill, to
10、 safeguard his rights against the drawer and endorsers. There are two ways of obtaining formal evidence of the dishonor of the bill. The first is called notingthe bill. The holder asks a notary public to re-present the bill. This official,when refused either acceptance or payment as the case may be,
11、then writes on the face of the bill that it was dishonored. The noteconstitutes formal evidence of dishonor , so it is necessary to use the bill as evidence in court. With foreign bills a more formal process called protesting , is carried out. The notary public re-presents the bill, and if it is dis
12、honored he draws up a formal certificate of dishonor,the protest. The protest must contain a copy of the boill,and be signed by the notary making it. It must then specify the person at whose request the bill is being protested, the place and date of protest, the cause or reason for protesting the bi
13、ll,the demand made and the answer given, or the fact that the drawee or acceptor could not be found. Protest will usually be done on the day of dishonor,but if there is good reason why this is not possible, it must be done with reasonable diligence after the delay has occurred. This might arise wher
14、e the bill was presented by post and returned dishonored by post.The legal consequences of dishonor may be listed as follows :(a) The protesting of a foreign bill secures the position of the holder against all previous endorsers and the drawer. They become liable to compensate the holder for the los
15、s he has suffered.(b)ln practice the holder will turn to the person from whom he obtained the bill and will be put in funds by that person. That person then tums to his endorser and so on.It might appear that a break in the chain could develop in the case of a bearer bill, because the bill is transf
16、erred by mere delivery and the transferor by delivery does not put his name on the bill. Although a person who transfers by delivery is not liable on the bill to the whole world , he is liable to his immediate transferee , because he warrants that the bill is what is purports to be , that he has right to transfer it , and that at the time of transferring it he knew of no fact rendering it valueless.(c)
