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1、2022年考博英语-西南大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题I want something（ ） placed in this window so that no one will be able to watch me.问题1选项A.crotchetyB.opaqueC.inductiveD.incongruous【答案】B【解析】考察形容词词义辨析。crotchety “有怪想的”；opaque “不透明的”；inductive “感应的；诱导的”；incongruous “不协调的，不一致的”。句意：我想放一些不透明的东西到窗户上，这样就没人能看见我了。选项B符合题
2、意。2. 翻译题Read the following passage into ChineseIt is simple enough to say that since books have classes fiction, biography, poetry we should separate them and lake from each what it is right that each should give us. Yet few people ask from books what books can give us. Most commonly we come to book
3、s with blurred and divided minds, asking of fiction that it shall be true, of poetry that it shall be false, of biography that it shall be flattering, of history that it shall enforce our own prejudices. If we could banish all such preconception when we read, what would be an admirable beginning. Do
4、 not dictate to your author, try to become him. Be his fellow worker and accomplice. If you hang back, and reserve and criticize at first, you are preventing yourself from getting the fullest possible value from what you read. But if you open your mind as widely as possible, then signs and hints of
5、almost imperceptible finesse, from the twist and turn of the first sentences, will bring you into the presence of a human being unlike any other. Steep yourself in this, and, quaint yourself with this, and soon you will find that your author is giving you, or attempting to give you, something far mo
6、re definite.【答案】既然书有小说、传记、诗歌之分，我们就应该把它们分类，从中吸收它们应该给予的知识。这说起来很容易。然而很少有人要求书本应该给予的知识。我们总是囫囵吞枣般去看书，要求小说必须真实，要求诗歌必须虚构，要求传记谄媚，要求历史书能加强自己的偏见。如果我们读书之前能抛开这些偏见，将会是一个好的开始。不要去强加你的想法给作者，而是要去理解他，成为他的伙伴。如果你将自己置身事外，并且从一开始就批判他，你就无法从书中获得最大的价值。但是如果你敞开心扉，那么书中精细入微的寓言和暗示便会让你从开头那些晦涩的句子中绕出来，把你带到一个独特的人物面前。把自己沉浸在里面去钻研，你很快会发现
7、，作者正向你阐述的或者是试图向你阐述的东西是一些比原来要明确得多的东西。3. 单选题Now a paper in Science argues that organic chemicals in the rock come mostly from （ ）on earth rather than bacteria on Mars.问题1选项A.configurationB.constitutionC.condemnationD.contamination【答案】D【解析】考察名词词义辨析。 Configuration “布置，结构”；constitution “建立，组 成，宪法”; conde
8、mnation “谴责”; contamination “污染，玷污;污染物”。句意：最近在科学杂志上发表的一篇文章认为，岩层大部分有有机化学物质来自于地球上的污染而不是火星上的细菌。选项D符合题意。4. 单选题The scientific method is the systematic pursuit of knowledge involving the identification of a problem, the collection of relevant data through observation and experimentation, and the formulati
9、on and testing of hypotheses that aim to solve the problem. Ever since the scientific method became a way of learning about nature, including ourselves, some people have hailed science as the only way to comprehend natural phenomena, while others have questioned whether it is an appropriate road to
10、knowledge. As science and technology have grown, the questioning has deepened and expanded.This is not to say that so-called scientific evidence is not a good way to vouchsafe truth. Scientists testimonies are used to endorse everything from toothpaste to nuclear power; however, they are also used t
11、o challenge the very same things. And this is where it gets tricky: “Scientific” support can now be elicited on all sides of every question, so that the public is constantly forced to decide which scientists to believe.Where then is the vaunted objectivity of science? People are realizing that they
12、must either develop criteria on which to make these decisions (and to do so for each important issue) or decide to disbelieve all scientific explanations and look for other ways of knowing. Incidentally, these other ways are sometimes no less empirical than the scientific ones. The decision to disbe
13、lieve all scientific explanations is not to be sneered at. The volume, contradictoriness, and limited comprehensibility of much scientific information leave most people bewildered.I am reminded of the comment Virginia Woolf attributes to the time-traveling character in her novel Orlando, who mused a
14、s she enters an elevator at Marshall and Snelgroves department store in London in 1928: “The very fabric of life now. is magic. In the eighteenth century, we knew how everything was done; but here I rise through the air; I listen to voices in America; I see men flying - but how its done, I cant ever
15、 begin to wonder. So my belief in magic returns.”Not only the general public is ill at ease. Uneasy questions are being asked by scientists themselves. As one noted scientists has argued: The scientific community had lead a particularly unexamined life for a surprisingly long time, and may have acce
16、pted its unusual and, until recently, unquestioned status a little too easily. Indeed, in the last 25 years, in an effort to raise financial support at a rate nearly triple that of the rest of society, the scientific community may have promised too much too soon. Certainly it underestimated the demand for accountability.” And his scientist goes on: In all humi
