《2015年6月英语六级长篇阅读冲刺练习及解析(4)7500字》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2015年6月英语六级长篇阅读冲刺练习及解析(4)7500字（5页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、2015年6月英语六级长篇阅读冲刺练习及解析(4)7500字 毕业为广大考生整理“2015年6月英语六级长篇阅读冲刺练习及解析”希望对大家有所帮助，祝大家备考顺利！ 点击查看：2015年6月英语六级长篇阅读冲刺练习及解析汇总 Definitions of ObesityA: How does one define when a person is considered to be obese and not just somewhat overweight? Height-weight tables give an approximate guideline as to whether one
2、 is simply overweight or has passed into the obese stage.B: The World Health Organization recommends using a formula that takes into account a persons height and weight. The Body Mass Index (BMI) is calculated by dividing the persons weight in kilograms by the square of their height in meters, and i
3、s thus given in units of kg/m2. A BMI of 18.5-24.9 is considered to be the healthiest. A BMI of between 25 and 29.9 is considered to be overweight, while a BMI of over 30 is considered to be obese.C: However, it is recognized that this definition is limited as it does not take into account such vari
4、ables as age, gender and ethnic origin, the latter being important as different ethnic groups have very different fat distributions. Another shortcoming is that it is not applicable to certain very muscular people such as athletes and bodybuilders, who can also have artificially high BMIs. Agencies
5、such as the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) in the USA and the International Diabetes Foundation (IDF) are starting to define obesity in adults simply in terms of waist circumference.Health Effects of ObesityD: Over 2000 years ago, the Greek physician Hippocrates wrote that persons who
6、 are naturally very fat are apt to die earlier than those who are slender. This observation remains very true today. Obesity has a major impact on a persons physical, social and emotional well-being. It increases the risk of developing diabetes mellitus type 2 (mature onset diabetes) and also makes
7、Type 2 diabetes more difficult to control. Thus weight loss improves the levels of blood glucose and blood fats, and reduces blood pressure. The association between obesity and coronary heart disease is also well-known.CancerE: Furthermore, in 2001 medical researchers established a link between bein
8、g overweight and certain forms of cancer, and estimated that nearly 10,000 Britons per year develop cancer as a result of being overweight. This figure was made up of 5,893 women and 3,220 men, with the strongest associations being with breast and colon cancers. However, it is thought that being ove
9、rweight may also increase the risk of cancer in the reproductive organs for women and in the prostate gland for men.F: The link between breast cancer and nutritional status is thought to be due to the steroid hormones oestrogen and progesterone, which are produced by the ovaries, and govern a womans
10、 menstrual cycle. Researchers have found that the more a woman eats, or the more sedentary her lifestyle, the higher are the concentrations of progesterone. This link could explain why women from less affluent countries have lower rates of breast cancer. Women from less affluent nations tend to eat
11、less food and to lead lifestyles which involve more daily movement. This lowers their progesterone level, resulting in lower predisposition to breast cancer.G: The Times newspaper, in 2002 reported that obesity was the main avoidable cause of cancer among non-smokers in the Western world!AgingH: Res
12、earch published by St Thomas Hospital, London, UK in 2005 showed a correlation between body fat and aging, to the extent that being obese added 8.8 years to a womans biological age. The effect was exacerbated by smoking, and a non-overweight woman who smokes 20 cigarettes a day for 20 years added 7.
13、4 years to their biological age. The combination of being obese and a smoker added at least ten years to a womans biological age, and although the study only involved women, the lead researcher Professor Tim Spector believes the finding would also apply to men.I: The aging effect was determined by m
14、easuring the length of telomeres, tiny caps on the ends of chromosomes, which help protect the DNA from the ageing process. Indeed, telomeres have been dubbed the chromosomal clock because, as an organism ages, they become progressively shorter, and can be used to determine the age of the organism.
15、Beyond a certain point, the telomere becomes so short that it is no longer able to prevent the DNA of the chromosome from falling apart. It is believed that excess body fat, and the chemicals present in tobacco smoke release free radicals which trigger inflammation. Inflammation causes the productio
16、n of white blood cells which increases the rate of erosion of telomeres.DementiaJ: Recent research (2005) conducted in the USA shows that obesity in middle age is linked to an increased risk of dementia, with obese people in their 40s being 74% more likely to develop dementia compared to those of normal weight. For those who are merely overweight, t
